【作者】 卢宗柳；

【导师】 彭省临；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 电气石是一种可供利用的天然非金属矿产资源,也是一种极为重要的新型功能矿物材料。因电气石存在自发电极,在其微粒周围存在静电场现象、能发射远红外线、释放负离子等可供开发利用的特性,所以,电气石的开发利用已成为21世纪新型功能矿物材料研发热点之一。虽然我国电气石矿产资源很丰富,但对可供利用电气石资源储量、分布等情况还不甚清楚,针对电气石矿物特性的应用基础理论和综合利用研究起步较晚,特别是电气石在农业上的应用研究及产品开发还是空白。本论文运用地质、生物和材料等多学科知识及前沿理论,对我国电气石的矿床特征、时空分布、成矿规律及国内外电气石资源及开发利用状况开展了系统研究和总结,并通过大量的实验研究,成功研制出电气石复合硼肥制作技术和工艺,申请并获得发明专利授权。论文的主要研究成果及创新性认识体现在以下几个方面:1、全面分析总结了我国电气石矿床的形成和分布规律。首次根据成矿作用、成矿方式、成矿物质来源及时空分布特点将我国电气石矿床划分为:花岗伟晶岩型、岩浆热液型、火山—次火山（热液）型、热水沉积型和表生沉积型五种类型,并对各类型矿床的特征进行了阐述;通过实地调研并充分利用现有资料,结合我国大地构造特点,编制了我国第一张1:400万的《中国电气石矿产资源分布图》。2、以硼元素含量为参数,以不同产地的电气石为研究对象,以现代先进测试技术（电子探针、能谱、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、ICP光谱等）为手段,以理论和实测数据为基础,首次对不同种类、不同产地电气石的含硼情况,进行了分析、对比研究,研究结果不仅印证了电气石理论上含硼高的特点,还为我国含硼高的电气石的利用打下良好基础。尤其是本文实验选用的江西白云山电气石,其B含量达到3.43%（B₂O₃含量为11.06%）,含硼量较高,具有较好的代表性。3、通过对国内外电气石开发利用现状的全面研究,提出将电气石应用于农业生产的意义、设想及开发前景;并通过对我国土壤含硼和耕地缺硼情况以及硼元素作用于农作物的生理机制及效用的深入探讨,结合我国硼肥资源紧缺现状,首次提出了利用电气石独特的物理性质和含硼高的化学特性,替代硼砂用于制作电气石硼肥的思路。4、通过深入的理论和实验研究,首次提出了以高温焙烧法和化学法（添加酸、碱活化剂）相结合的电气石活化处理法,有效地将硼从电气石晶体结构中分离并溶于水而被农作物吸收;根据溶硼效果、经济性、安全性及环保性等因素综合选定用Na₂CO₃作为化学活化剂效益最大,并有利于产业化生产。5、创立了将活化处理的电气石粉与未经处理的电气石粉混匀制成高活性电气石硼肥的硼肥制作方法,充分利用了电气石含硼高的化学特征和独特的物理性质,使电气石硼肥除具有一般硼肥的功效外,还具有抗土壤氧化、刺激植物生长,并能吸附土壤中的部分重金属及残留农药,净化植物生长环境等环保特性;并根据需要在高活性硼肥中加入其它农作物所需的有关元素及矿物原料,制备不同功能的电气石复合肥料的最佳配方及工艺流程等创新性成果。6、本文研究成果已于2008年4月23日获得中国发明专利证书（专利号为:ZL200610021331.9,专利名称为“电气石活化处理方法及用该方法制备的高活性电气石硼肥”）。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of natural nonmetallic mineral resource that can be applied to daily life, tourmaline is also a very important new type of functional mineral material. Considering the characteristics as its spontaneous electrode, electrostatic field around its particles, emitting far infrared ray, releasing anion etc. that can be developed and utilized, the development and utilization of tourmaline has been one of the hot spots about studying new type of functional mineral materials in 21st century. China is very rich in tourmaline resources; however, the tourmaline reserves that can be used and the distribution in China are still questions, and the research about basic theory of application and comprehensive utilization of tourmaline mineral features was focused on too late, especially the application study and products exploitation for agriculture is still blank in China.By applying lots of subjects including geological, biological and material science as well as frontier theories, the study has systematically studied and concluded the following factors about Chinese tourmaline, that are the characteristics of tourmaline deposits, temporal and spacial distribution, ore-forming regularity, the tourmaline resources in China and other countries and the exploitation with utilization status. Through a large amount of experimental research, the study has successfully worked out the manufacturing techniques and crafts about tourmaline compound boron fertilizer with the patent being authorized. The main research fingings and creative cognition of the study are presented as follows:1. The study has comprehensively analyzed and concluded the formation and distribution regularities of tourmaline in China. This is the first time that Chinese tourmaline deposits have been classified into five types as granite pegmatite-host deposits, magmatic hydrothermal deposits, volcanic-subvolcanic （hydrothermal） deposits, hot water sediment-host deposits and supergene sediment-host deposits according to the ore-forming processes, ore-forming patterns, ore-forming matters sources and the temporal and spacial distribution characters of tourmaline resources in China, with the characteristics of each kind of deposits being expounded in the paper. Based on the field survey and existing data about tourmaline resources, combined with the tectonic characteristics of China, the study has worked out the first map as Tourmaline mineral resources distributed in China in the scale of 1:4,000,000.2. Taking boron concentration as the major parameter, with kinds of tourmalines from different places as studying objects, using advanced modern testing technology （electro probe, energy spectrum, SEM, X-ray diffraction, ICP spectrum and so on） as testing methods, on the basis of theoretical and testing data, the paper has analyzed and comparatively studied the boron concentrations contained by different kinds of tourmalines that are from different places. The studying results have not only confirmed that tourmaline has high boron concentration, but also built a favorable foundation for the application of tourmaline resources with high boron concentration in China. The boron concentration contained by tourmalines chosen as testing samples from Baiyunshan in Jiangxi is even reached 3.43% （B₂O₃ concentration as 11.06%）. Since the Baiyunshan tourmaline has high boron concentration, it may be better tourmalines at present in China.3. Through overall study about the development and utilization of tourmaline resources in China and other countries, the paper has proposed the significance, imagination and exploitation foreground about applying tourmalines to agriculture. In addition, considering the shortage of boron fertilizer in China, the paper has first put forward the idea of using tourmaline to replace borax and manufacture boron fertilizer by utilizing particular physical properties of tourmaline and its chemical properties of high boron concentration, through deep discussing about boron-bearing status and boron-lacking status of Chinese soil, and the physiological mechanism and effects about how boron element affecting crops.4. Through deep research of theories and experiments, the study has first proposed the treatment of activating tourmaline with calcinations and chemical methods （ eg. adding acid or alkali activator ） being combined, which will effectively separate boron from tourmaline crystal structure and make it dissolved in water to be absorbed by crops. According to boron solution effect, economic factors, safety, and environmental protection consideration, etc., the study has chosen Na₂CO₃ as chemical activator because of the maximum benefit, and its character of being favorable to industrializing production.5. The study has also create a boron fertilizer manufacturing method by mixing tourmaline powder treated by activating and tourmaline powder without any treatment to form highly active tourmaline boron fertilizer. This method has fully utilized the chemical property of high boron concentration and particular physical property of tourmaline, and not only made tourmaline boron fertilizer had virtues of general boron fertilizer, but also bring the environmental protection characters including antioxidation of soil, promoting the growth of plants, absorbing a part of heavy metals and pesticide residues, as well as purifying plants’ growing environment to tourmaline boron fertilizer. Moreover, the study has also worked out the best prescription and technic with other creative fruits about how to manufacture different compound tourmaline fertilizer with different function by adding related elements and mineral materials that are required by crops to high active fertilizer.6. The studying achievement described in the paper has already gained Chinese invention patent on April.23rd of 2008 （Patent Number: ZL200610021331.9, Patent Name: Tourmaline activating treatment and high active tourmaline boron fertilizer manufactured by this method.）.更多还原