【作者】 成海鹰；

【导师】 李建华；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 伦理学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 对文学的伦理学研究,主要是针对当前危机四伏的文学领域中存在的道德衰退和道德失范问题。文学写作的媚俗、文本的速朽和读者阅读的低俗化倾向正在侵蚀人们的心灵世界,强化着这个时代世风日下的印象。严峻的现实要求道德对文学的守护,在伦理学视阈下对文学进行研究,有着理论与现实的双重意义。作为应用伦理学的一个研究领域,文学伦理应理解为以文学活动中的伦理问题以及有关文学的伦理问题为研究对象,研究文学创作、文学欣赏和文学批评中的道德问题和道德现象的学问。本论文所说的欣赏包括普通读者的文学阅读和专业读者的文学批评,因此文学伦理有文学创作伦理和文学欣赏伦理之分,论文的欣赏伦理界定是相对创作伦理而言。文学欣赏伦理指文学欣赏活动中调节行为主体之间关系的道德原则和规范的总和,是文学欣赏活动中各种道德意识、道德心理、道德行为的综合体现。论文的中心问题是确立文学欣赏是否有伦理价值?什么样的文学欣赏有伦理价值?探究文学消费市场阅读者欣赏趣味低俗化倾向的根源以及与此相关的文学领域的道德困境。通过各种伦理关系、伦理问题和道德现象的分析,确立文学欣赏伦理原则并借鉴中西方文学思想资源,恢复文学欣赏在当代对于丰富人们精神生活和心灵及社会和谐的作用。主要内容概括如下:第一,文学欣赏的伦理价值。文学欣赏的伦理价值也可以理解为文学欣赏的道德性,即文学欣赏活动是否有其独特的伦理意义?对这一基本问题的回答无疑是肯定的,文学欣赏的伦理价值是从文学欣赏对社会生活和个人生活的意义而言。文学欣赏伦理是从文本、美、感受性、人物、情节、事件的展示中挖掘其道德意蕴。文学创作源于人的心灵和情感,是想象,在这想象中是人的心灵活动和自由。文学欣赏的价值黑格尔称是以娱乐的方式来排除厌倦,对严肃的生活起缓和作用。文学为人的心灵自由而存在,是人的心灵自由的证明,它本身也是道德的。第二,文学欣赏中的伦理关系。本研究从文学三要素作者、作品、读者所形成的相互关系中,梳理出以读者为中心的伦理视角,考察读者的角色伦理,在文学欣赏中读者和作者的伦理关系,作品对读者的道德感染力等问题。读者是作者的合作者,和作家一起完成文本。如果说作者是文学创作活动的主体,读者则是文学欣赏活动的主体。他是作者的支持者、追随者、拥护者,也是作者劳动成果的检验者、审视者、批评者。第三,文学与欣赏中的伦理问题。本研究针对现实的文学欣赏活动而言,分析各种道德现象和道德问题。在现代社会,应用伦理学不可忽视对科技和市场两种现实力量的反思,前者造成文学灵晕消失,文学艺术作品作为消费品而进入现代人的生活;后者导致为利益最大化的各种脱离道德约束的种种行为产生。因此这一章分析的主要内容包括对在技术复制时代中,文学灵晕消失造成的道德困惑,消费主义盛行和技术至上对人的审美价值的冲击,人的心灵被技术、理性控制,文学庇护人类精神的作用弱化等问题进行批判性探讨;还有就是分析通过文学所表现的道德,譬如道德冲突、两性关系、情色品等。在当代,随着网络媒体的兴起,网络文学写作与阅读大有取代传统文学之势,对这种现状及发展进行道德评价和伦理反思,关注由网络文学消费、网络文学过度娱乐化倾向所导致的现代人在信息时代的生存困境也是本书的研究内容。第四,探讨文学领域道德困境的解除在于确立文学欣赏的伦理原则并从中西方文学理论中有所借鉴。关于文学欣赏伦理原则的探讨是基于文学欣赏中,读者阅读也称接受,通常包括这么一些环节:选择、阅读、调节、变更、顺应、创造、诠释,促使这些环节实现与伦理学有关的问题包括动机、义务、自由、责任的考察。道德原则的发现会帮助我们解答一些使人苦恼的道德问题,人们并不总是知道自己的行为哪些正当和不正当,伦理学告诉我们为了合乎伦理或道德应当怎样行动,就某一类行为而提供的伦理原则和规范,保证了行为的正当性。对于文学欣赏活动,所提出来的伦理原则有它的特殊性,本研究确定为自主性原则、普遍有益原则和超越性原则。人们在文学欣赏活动中,最重要的道德权利是自由,自由选择、自由理解、自由阐释,并具有自由的优先性。依据自由而行动,充分体现了自主性原则。普遍有益原则是指文学欣赏活动对于欣赏主体有益的问题具有最大的普遍性,这也体现了对个体独特性的尊重。超越性原则是因为欣赏文学活动本身就是追求超越和自我实现,战胜人生的乏味、平凡和无聊。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ethics research for literature,that is mainly to aim at moral crisis in literature field,literature writing philistinism,text is rotten quickly, the low habit read with reader is corroding the soul world of people,strengthen the impression about decadence of this times. Stern reality requires morals in literature,under the visual of ethics,we research for literature ,there are the double meaning of theory and reality.Applied Ethics as a field of research, literature ethics should be interpreted as a literary activities, as well as ethical issues in the ethical issues related to literary studies, research literature, literary criticism and literary appreciation of the phenomenon of ethical issues and moral science. In this paper, appreciation of literature including general readers’reading and professional readers’s literary criticism, literary ethics therefore divide ethical literature and ethical literary appreciation, in this thesis the appreciation of the ethical is to define in terms of creative. Appreciation of the ethical literature refers to literature appreciation activities regulating the relationship between actors and moral principles and norms of the sum of the activities is to enjoy a variety of literary and moral awareness, it is comprehensive embodiment about moral conscience、moral psychology、ethical conduct.The central issue in this paper is to establish whether there is any literary appreciation of ethical values? What are the ethical value of literature appreciation? To explore the reason of reader’s vulgar interests in consumer market, as well as the moral dilemma. Relations through a variety of ethics, ethical issues and moral analysis of the phenomenon, the establishment of ethical principles to appreciate literature and reference thought resources in the Western literary and china, that restorate the process of literature in contemporary about people’s spiritual life and soul and the harmonious development of society. Summarized the main contents as follows:First, the ethical value of literature appreciation. Literature appreciation of ethical values can also be understood as the morality of literature appreciation, that is, literature appreciation activities has its own unique ethical significance? Answer the basic questions is yes, the ethical value of literature appreciation from the literary appreciation of the social life and sense of personal life. Ethics literature appreciation from the text、beauty、sensitivity、characters、plot、events show their moral implication in the excavation. Literature derived from the soul and emotion, is imagination, in this imagination is the freedom of soul. Hegel’s appreciation of the value of literature that is the way of entertainment to exclude tired of ease the lives of a serious role. Literature in the hearts of people the existence of freedom is the freedom of the human mind that it is also moral.Second, the ethical relationship in literature appreciation. In this study, the three elements from the literary authors、works、readers form a mutual relationship, to sort out the ethics of reader-centered perspective, examining the role of the reader ethics, literature appreciation in the reader and author of ethical relations, work on the reader’s moral influence and so on. The readers are the author’s collaborators, and writers work together to complete the text with the author. If the author is the subject of literary activities, the reader is the main body of literature appreciation activities. He is the author’s supporters、followers、adherents, they test、peruse、critic the work.Third, the literature and to appreciate the ethical issues. In this study, literature appreciation for realistic activities, to analyze the phenomenon of moral and ethical issues. In modern society, the application of ethics in science and technology can not be ignored the market forces and sciences to reflect, the former caused the disappearance of literature halo, literary and artistic works as a consumer to enter the lives of modern people; the latter led to maximize the benefits from the various all kinds of moral behavior. Therefore the analysis of this chapter includes reproduction of the era of technology, literature, spiritual halo caused by the disappearance of moral confusion, the prevalence of consumerism and technological supremacy of the aesthetic value of human impact on people’s minds was be controlled by the technical and rational, the human literature asylum weakening the role of the spirit of critical issues to explore; there is shown by analysis of the adoption of the ethics literature, such as moral conflict, gender relations, sexual and other goods. In modern times, with the rise of Internet media, network literature writing and reading a great potential to replace conventional literature, the status quo and the development of ethical and moral evaluation and reflection, attention to consumption by the network literature, network literature the tendency of over-Entertainment caused by people’s survival in the information age is the plight of the contents of the book’s research. Fourth, we explore the literature of the lifting of the moral dilemma is to establish ethical principles of literary appreciation and benefit of the West and china literary theory. On literature appreciation of ethical principles are based on literature appreciation in the reader, also known as acceptable, so a number of links typically include: Select, read, adjust, change, adapt, create, interpret, make these links with ethics-related issues, including motivation, obligation, freedom, responsibility for the inspection. Ethical principles will help us find answers to some of the moral issues people worried, people do not always know what the proper and improper conduct, ethics tells us that in order to conform to what should be the ethical or moral action, on a certain type of behavior provide the ethical principles and norms to ensure the legitimacy of the act.Literature appreciation for the activities of the ethical principles put forward by the specificity of it,the study identified as the principle of autonomy、useful principles and the principle of transcendence. In people’s literature activities,the most important is the moral right to freedom,freedom of choice、freedom to understand、free interpretation,and has the priority of freedom. The basis of freedom of action,and fully embodies the principle of autonomy. Useful principle refer to appreciation activities which has the largest universality for people, reflecting the uniqueness of individual rights. Because of the principle beyond the appreciation of literary activities is to look beyond their own self-realization and to overcome life’s boring、ordinary and humdrum.更多还原