【作者】 王兆峰；

【导师】 柳思维；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 面对日益激烈的市场竞争和全球性金融危机的冲击,我国旅游业发展面临巨大的挑战,旅游产业结构调整已经成为亟待解决的问题,也是旅游产业领域研究的热点之一。旅游产业结构升级从本质上来说是由“量”到“质”的演进,关键要转变旅游经济增长方式,走科学发展观的道路,促使旅游产业集群发展,使规模扩张和效益提升相得益彰,走质量效益型道路。旅游产业结构升级具体表现为旅游产业由低端向高端、由粗放型向集约型以及由政府主导向政府与市场相结合主导转型。产业集群由于其规模效应、品牌效应以及在技术创新方面的优势,通过旅游产业集群有利于加快旅游产业的创新,提升旅游产业素质,产业集群也己成为旅游产业结构调整与升级优化的重要途径,研究其如何推动旅游产业结构的升级优化对于我国旅游产业的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。本文试图构建相关的理论模型和数学模型,研究旅游产业集群在旅游产业结构升级优化中的作用机理,并提出了相关的对策和建议。与已有的研究相比,本文的贡献主要体现在以下几个方面:(1)建立了旅游产业结构升级优化的理论框架。从旅游产品结构和旅游企业经营模式的变化两个方面研究了旅游产业结构变迁的途径和影响要素,实证分析了市场波动、交通、饭店、品牌和产业政策等要素对产业结构升级优化的影响,并通过分析产业结构变迁与升级优化的关系提出了旅游产业结构升级优化的模式,完善了旅游产业结构升级优化研究的理论研究框架。(2)研究比较了旅游产业集群与制造产业集群的区别与联系,探讨了旅游产业集群识别标准与界定条件,并着重分析了旅游产业集群与制造产业集群的区别和在产业创新方面的独特优势。针对衡量旅游产业集中度的传统方法的不足,本文从旅游业集聚的条件、主体、效应和创新能力四个方面进行综合,构造一个区位熵指数作为旅游产业集聚量化指标;同时,从投入产出表出发分析旅游业与其它产业联系,进行产业集聚和产业联系的综合,得出旅游产业集群的识别度指标。(3)建立了旅游产业集群推动旅游产业升级优化的理论模型,包括动力机制、传导机制和发展途径等方面。运用技术创新与技术进步理论分析旅游产业转型及结构调整优化属于比较新的研究领域,旅游产业集群推动旅游产业结构升级优化的动力机制主要体现在技术创新、产业经营和产业发展环境三个方面,并通过包括企业和利益相关者两个主体进行传导,最终通过产品结构、经营模式、部门结构和技术结构等途径推动旅游产业结构的升级优化。产业集群的创新效应在旅游产业中的运用,使旅游产业发展呈现出融合化和虚拟化,促使旅游产业网络边界拓展,推动了旅游产业结构调整升级,是本文的重要的理论创新。(4)研究了旅游产业结构升级优化与关键技术选择的作用机理,利用基于遗传算法的理想区间评价模型进行区域旅游人文环境质量评价,利用DEA模型等技术方法评价旅游产业结构调整升级的效率,并对东部、中部、西部、湖南省进行对比分析,证明集群在推动旅游产业结构调整中的重要作用,是旅游产业结构升级优化的最佳模式,从方法上对旅游产业结构的研究进行了创新。(5)基于产业集群视角对旅游产业结构升级优化的情况进行了定量的评价,利用灰色关联度模型实证分析了不同旅游产业部门与旅游收入的关联度,利用SSM模型实证分析了入境旅游的收入效益结构,并分析了我国旅游产业发展中的结构性问题。针对这些问题,本文更加系统的从旅游产品创新、技术途径创新、产业管理模式创新、产品营销模式创新、产业政策与制度创新、产业集群模块化发展,以及产业结构升级优化的风险防范等方面提出了相关对策,丰富了旅游产业结构调整的相关研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the impact of the increasing market competition and the global financial crisis, the development of Chinese tourism industry is confronted with a great challenge and the tourism industrial structure adjustment has become a problem requiring urgent to be solved and has been a hotspot of the studies in the field of tourism industry. The tourism industrial structure upgrading essentially is an evolution from the "quantity" to "quality", and the key is to change the growth mode of tourism economy, take the road of scientific development concept and promote the development of tourism industrial cluster in order to acquire the expansion of scale and enhancing of efficiency each other and take the road of quality and efficiency. The exhibition of tourism industrial structure upgrading is the changing of tourism industry from the low-end to high-end, from extensive to intensive and from government-led to a combination of government and market-oriented.Because the industrial cluster has the advantage of scale economy, brand effect and technological innovation, through the tourism industrial cluster the innovation of tourism industry can be quicken and the quality can be enhanced. The industrial cluster has been an important way to adjust, upgrade and optimize the tourism industrial structure and the study on how the tourism industrial cluster to promote the upgrading and optimization of the tourism industrial structure has a great practical significance for the sustainable development of tourism industry. This paper attempts to build some relevant theory and mathematics model, research the mechanism of the tourism industrial cluster upgrading and optimizing the industrial structure and put forward some relevant countermeasures and suggestions. Compared with existing researches, the contributions of this paper are mainly reflected in the following areas:(1) A theoretical framework of the upgrading and optimization of the tourism industrial structure is constructed. The influencing factors and way of changing tourism industrial structure are analyzed from the changing of tourism products structure and tourism business model. This paper empirically analyzes the impact of market volatility, transport, hotels, brands and industrial policy etc. on the upgrading and optimization of the industrial structure. Through analyzing the relationship between the changing of industrial structure and its upgrading and optimization, this paper puts forward the mode of the upgrading and optimization of the tourism industrial structure and perfects the theoretical framework to study the upgrading and optimization of the tourism industrial structure.(2) This paper analyzes comparatively the distinction and link between the tourism industrial cluster and the manufacture industrial cluster, discusses the standard of identifying and the condition of defining the tourism industrial cluster, and focuses on analyzing the distinction between the tourism and manufacture industrial cluster and the particular advantage of industrial innovation. For the inadequacy of traditional methods to measure the concentration of the tourism industry, this paper constructs a location quotation index as a quantitative indicator of tourism industrial agglomeration through the comprehensive of the conditions, main body, effects and innovation capability of the tourism industry. At the same time, from the input-output table this paper analyzes the link between the tourism and other industries and synthesizes the industrial agglomeration and industrial link to get the index of identifying the tourism industrial cluster.(3) This paper constructs a theoretical model of tourism industrial cluster promoting the upgrading and optimization of tourism industrial structure, including dynamic mechanism, conducting mechanism and development ways. The using of technological innovation and technological progress theory into the analysis of the tourism industry transition and structural adjustment and optimization is a relatively new field. The dynamic mechanism mainly embodies in technological innovation, industry operating and industry development environment. The tourism industrial cluster conducts by corporations and stakeholders and finally promotes the upgrading and optimization of the tourism industrial structure by the ways such as product structure, operating mode, sector structure, and technological structure. The using of innovation effect of industrial cluster into tourism industry makes the development of tourism industry show integration and virtualization, urge the network boundary of tourism industry to expand, and promote the tourism industrial structure adjustment and upgrading, which is an important theoretical innovation in this paper.(4) The function mechanism existing between the upgrading and optimization of the tourism industrial structure and the selection of key technology is studied. This paper utilizes an ideal interval model based on the genetic algorithm to evaluate the human environment quality of regional tourism, utilizes a DEA model to evaluate the effective of the upgrading and optimization of the tourism industrial structure and analyzes comparatively the eastern, central, western and Hunan province to prove that the tourism industrial cluster has the important role in promoting the tourism industrial structure adjustment and is the best mode in the upgrading and optimization of the industrial structure. All of which are the methodological innovation in studying the tourism industrial structure.(5) Based on the viewpoint of industrial cluster, this paper implements a quantitative evaluation on the situation of the upgrading and optimization of the tourism industrial structure. The gray correlation model is used to empirically analyze the correlation between different tourism industrial departments and tourism revenue. The SSM model is used to analyze empirically immigration tourism revenue-effectiveness structure. This paper analyzes the structural problems of the development of Chinese tourism industry. Aiming at these problems, this paper further systematically puts forward some relevant countermeasures from the innovation of tourism products, technical means innovation, innovation of industrial management mode, products marketing mode innovation, innovation of industrial policy and institution, modular development of industrial cluster, as well as the risk prevention of the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure, which enrich the relevant researches on the adjustment of the tourism industrial structure.更多还原