新自由主义对东亚经济发展的影响

【作者】 陈卓；

【导师】 江瑞平；

【作者基本信息】 外交学院 ， 国际关系， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 1997年东亚金融危机的爆发,使得东亚国家遭受沉重损失,围绕这次金融危机爆发原因的讨论和反思一直没有停止。自20世纪70年代以来,新自由主义取代凯恩斯主义开始成为占主流地位的经济发展理论。20世纪90年代“华盛顿共识”的出现,标志着发达资本主义国家和主要国际经济组织已将新自由主义作为普世的发展范式。从那时开始,很多国家都开始了新自由主义金融自由化改革的历程。在全面考察了新自由主义在世界各地区的改革实践,尤其是东亚地区国家的改革实践进程以后,发现这些新自由主义性质的改革并没有达到预期的目标,甚至还出现了不同程度的消极后果。泰国、印度尼西亚和韩国在20世纪90年代的金融自由化改革,正是这些国家在1997年爆发金融危机的重要原因。1997年金融危机爆发之后,东亚国家开始重新寻求经济复苏之路,东亚国家的下一步经济发展战略应该是什么呢?这时摆在很多国家面前的政策选择有两个:一个是国际货币基金组织推荐的,即要求东亚国家进行更为彻底的新自由主义经济改革,以此来摆脱金融危机。另外一个选择则是东亚国家自己“不约而同”提出来的,即通过区域合作来共同抵御国际经济风险,从而实现经济的复苏。哪一个选择才是更好的呢?通过对金融危机之后的新自由主义方案与区域合作方案的效果进行简单比较,本文认为进行区域合作是经济全球化时代东亚国家的最优发展战略选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 The East Asian countries have been suffering heavy losses from the 1997 Financial Crisis.“What should be blamed for the Financial Crisis?”To find the answer to the question.Firstly, the dissertation makes a literature review of neo-liberalism and criticizes that its major doctrines of“laissez-faire”and“anti-interventionism”do not have universal applicability.In 1970s, neo-liberalism replaced Keynesianism to become the mainstream economic theory of the developed countries. In 1990s, the main international economical institutions and many developed countries reached the“Washington Consensus”and consider neo-liberalism as a universal“developing model”.Since then, a number of countries started the neo-liberal Financial reform.An assessment upon this wave of neo-liberal reforms all around the world, especially those in East Asian countries, found that neo-liberalism does not work anywhere. The neo-liberal financial reforms undertaken in Thailand、Indonesia and the Republic of Korea in 1990s are the major reason of the 1997’s East Asian Financial Crisis.After the Financial Crisis,these countries began to seek a road for economic recovery. There were two main choices in their face. One was proposed by IMF, which asked the East Asian countries to carry out a complete neo-liberal reform. The other was proposed by themselves, which asked to take regional cooperation to defend international risks and to resume economic growth. Which road is a better way?Finally, the dissertation made a simple comparison between the results of neo-liberal reform and regional cooperation in East Asia, and concludes that the regional cooperation is a better solution.更多还原