美国气候政策之辩（2001-2008）：支持联盟框架视角

【作者】 王瑞彬；

【导师】 熊志勇；

【作者基本信息】 外交学院 ， 国际关系， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 美国退出《京都议定书》并不意味着其气候政策立场的倒退,而是美国构建新气候政策的起点。2001-2008年,美国国内围绕新气候政策展开激烈的辩论。辩论的焦点是气候政策工具的选择问题。气候政策工具将构成美国未来气候政策的核心与基础。在诸多政策工具中,以市场为基础的限量排放与交易制度和征收碳税制度成为优先选项。支持联盟框架认为,公共政策领域特定子系统中行为体具有不同的政策信仰系统,并据此形成支持联盟对决策过程发挥重要影响。本文以2001-2008年间国会气候变化政策工具听证会发言文本为数据材料,藉由支持联盟框架这一理论工具,对证人及发言议员表述中的政策倾向加以分析。得出如下结论:在气候变化政策工具子系统中存在五个支持联盟;限量排放与交易制度联盟占据显著优势;碳税制度联盟极其微弱;不同联盟成员政策表述中的支持倾向受其所属机构利益目标的驱动;支持联盟已经推动美国气候政策逐步发生变化;美国气候政策的最终改变还需要子系统外部政治与经济因素的催化。更多还原

【Abstract】 U.S. climate policy change has significant impact on the future international cooperation regime of addressing climate change. Since 2001, the United States has been experienced a fierce debate on the climate policy options. The great consensus is using market-based strategies to achieve greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Pricing carbon through a cap-and-trade program or a tax on emissions is thought to be one of the most cost-effective approaches.The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) developed by Hank Jenkins-Smith and Paul Sabatier focus on the role of the policy beliefs of advocacy groups, policymakers and other interested individuals in the process of public policy shaping. This dissertation utilizes the ACF and Congressional hearings on climate policy tools to examine how and why U.S. climate change policy was developing between 2001 and 2008.The results of this study revealed that there are five advocacy coalitions within the climate policy options subsystem;the advocacy coalition of cap-and-trade has more advantages over the advocacy coalition of carbn tax;the major driving force behind advocating activities is the material or purposive incentives;federal climate policy shifts need the social and economic changes external to the climate policy options subsystem.更多还原