【作者】 王颖泽；

【导师】 张小兵；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 兵器发射理论与技术， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本论文以新型高性能低后坐武器系统——膨胀波火炮为研究对象,针对膨胀波火炮的发射机理、后喷装置工作性能、内弹道过程数值仿真、发射性能分析及优化、发射身管振动响应及发射系统动力学特性等方面展开了研究。具体内容如下:(1)针对膨胀波火炮核心组成部分——后喷装置的结构及工作性能进行了研究分析。根据膨胀波火炮的发射机理及实现过程给出了后喷装置的设计要求及可行的后喷打开方式;结合惯性炮尾后喷装置的工作原理,对其结构参数进行选取设定,并基于膨胀波传播理论给出了后喷打开时机的计算方法;建立了后喷流场的求解模型,全面分析了发射过程中不同后喷结构下燃气的后喷流动状态及后效作用范围,论证了不同结构后喷装置的工作性能。(2)建立了膨胀波火炮一维两相流内弹道数学模型并进行数值仿真。分析了发射过程中内弹道各参量的变化规律,并同常规火炮内弹道过程进行对比计算,揭示了有别于常规火炮内弹道过程的特有的膛内射击现象;针对钝感发射药不同性能参数下的内弹道过程进行计算求解,分析了表层相对燃速系数、钝感层相对厚度以及药粒主要结构特征量等参数对内弹道性能的影响。与此同时,建立了前置喷孔膨胀波火炮双一维两相流内弹道数学模型并进行了数值求解分析,给出了发射过程中火炮膛内及导气管内各状态参量的变化规律,并分析了导气管结构参数及发射药性能对内弹道性能的影响。(3)针对膨胀波火炮发射过程中的性能优势,对其发射性能进行研究分析及优化设计。建立了膨胀波火炮及常规闭膛火炮后坐力、后坐冲量、身管热量以及发射过程中发射药能量转换的计算公式,通过数值计算比对,验证了膨胀波火炮在减后坐、降低身管热量以及提高发射药实际利用率三方面的优越性能,并给出了包括装药量、药室容积、弹丸质量以及挤进压力在内的各装填条件,后喷打开时机以及后喷结构参数对发射性能的影响规律;在此基础上,综合膨胀波火炮发射性能的评价标准,建立了膨胀波火炮发射性能的多目标优化模型并给出了相应的求解方法,以装填密度及后喷打开时机为主要优化变量进行优化计算,给出满足各评价标准的可行方案。(4)建立了膨胀波火炮身管振动响应的动力学方程并进行数值仿真。分析了发射过程中身管在膛内火药燃气、弹丸及惯性炮尾共同作用下的振动响应规律,给出了装填密度、弹丸质量、身管长度、后喷打开时机、惯性炮尾质量以及喷口截面扩张比等参数变化对身管振动响应的影响规律,并与常规发射过程下的振动响应进行了对比分析。在此基础上,给出了求解刚柔耦合系统动力学问题的建模方法,建立了膨胀波火炮发射系统整体动力学响应的刚柔耦合动力学模型并进行了数值求解,揭示了车体系统与发射身管间耦合作用的动力学特性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research is developed and aims at the new high performance weapon system------Rarefaction Wave Gun(RAVEN). The propulsion mechanism of RAVEN, the structure design and working performance of blow back device, the numerical simulation of interior ballistic process, the research and optimization of propulsion performance, the vibration response and dynamic characteristics of gun are studied in this dissertation. The main parts are concluded as follows:(1) The structure and working performance of the key part of RAVEN------blow backdevice is studied. The selection rule of blow back device and feasible venting method are given based on the propulsion mechanism and the realization processes of RAVEN. Combined with the working principle of the inertial breech blow back device, the structure parameters are made, and then the calculation method about the venting time is obtained by the rarefaction wave propagation theory as well. The calculation model of the venting flow field is established, the venting flow and aftereffect range of the propellant gas under the different structure of the blow back device are analyzed, and then the working performance of different blow back devices are verified.(2) One-dimensional two-phase flow interior ballistics mathematical model of the RAVEN is established and its numerical simulations are conducted. The change laws of interior ballistic parameters are analyzed. The special firing phenomenon is given by comparing calculation with the conventional close-breech gun. The rules of how the surface relative burning-rate coefficient, relative thickness of the deterred layer and main structure characteristic parameter of deterred propellant grain effect on the interior ballistic performance are made by calculation. Meanwhile the dual one-dimensional two-phase flow interior ballistics mathematical model of the Front Orifice Rarefaction Wave Gun is established and its numerical simulations are conducted. The change laws of interior ballistic parameters in the bore and airway are obtained and the effect on the interior ballistic performance of structure parameters of the airway and deterred propellant performance is analyzed.(3) The analysis and optimization design about the propulsion performance of the Rarefaction Wave Gun is developed for its unique performance advantages. The calculation formulas about recoil force, recoil impulse, barrel heat and energy conversion in the propulsion of Rarefaction Wave Gun and the conventional close-breech gun are established. By the numerical calculation, the performances of the Rarefaction Wave Gun in the reducing the recoil and barrel heat and increasing practical efficiency of propellant are verified. The rules how the different loading conditions including the loading charge mass, chamber volume, projectile mass and engraving pressure, the venting time and the structure parameters of blow back device affect on the performance are obtained. On this basis, the multi-object optimization model of the propulsion performance of the Rarefaction Wave Gun is established and the corresponding solving method is given by combining the corresponding evaluation standards of the propulsion performance. Make the loading density and the venting time as the main optimization variables, the feasible project are made out to satisfy different evaluation criterion by the calculation.(4) The dynamic vibration equation of the Rarefaction Wave Gun is established and its numerical simulations are conducted. The vibration responses in the action of the propellant gas, projectile and the inertial breech are obtained. The rules of how the different parameters including the loading density, projectile mass, barrel length, venting time , inertial breech mass and the expansion ratio of nozzle section effect on the vibration response is given. Comparing calculation with the vibration response of the conventional closed-breech gun, the specific vibration phenomenon is also obtained. The modeling method about the dynamic problem of the rigid-flexible coupling system is given, and then the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model that describes the whole dynamic response of the Rarefaction Wave Gun system is established and its numerical simulations are conducted. The dynamic characteristics of the coupling effect between body system and gun barrel is given.更多还原