【作者】 孙兰凤；

【导师】 安尼瓦尔·阿木提；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 林果业是技术密集型和劳动密集型相结合的产业,随着我国宏观经济结构及农业产业结构的调整,林果业以其较大的经济生态效益,较为广泛的从业人数和深远的产业开发前景,以及对社会需要和人民生活不可替代的必要性,成为农业经济增长、农村建设发展和农民致富的重要支柱性产业。由此,近年我国林果业发展进入新一轮高潮,这就需要探索与之相适应的新的发展方式,以改变传统的片面追求的数量型的粗放经营模式。本文是在可持续发展思想己被全世界各国政府和广大人民所接受,并己成为国家和地区发展共同遵循的指导原则和战略目标的今天,强调林果业是在如何保持经济持续发展的同时,提倡一种对环境、对社会以及对人更为友好的方式和态度,来确保其具有可以继续发展的潜力和活力的问题。林果业可持续发展既是可持续发展战略的组成部分,又是可持续发展由理论走向实践的具体体现。新疆素有“水果之乡”的美称。由于种植栽培历史早,形成了众多的名特优果品。新疆特色林果业从改革开放以来得到长足发展,己初具规模。目前,林果业己成为新疆仅次于粮食、棉花的第三大产业,2007年林果种植面积占农作物播种面积的19.72%,2006年果业产值占农业总产值的11.2%。新疆维吾尔自治区已经把林果业列为新疆农业经济发展的四大支柱产业之一,并予以政策上的扶持,以此带动新疆农业经济结构调整和广大果农增加收入。特色林果业的发展是实现新疆人口、资源、环境可持续发展的重要途径,是新疆自然生态环境良性循环、农民增收、经济发展、社会进步、政治稳定、民族团结的重要保障。新疆虽为果品生产大省区,林果业已具有一定的规模优势和发展水平。但其发展中还存在着诸多问题。与林果大区和支柱产业的地位极不相称,严重制约了特色林果业的发展。在西部大开发的良好宏观背景下,如何协调种植业与林果业之间的关系,探寻把林果业的资源优势转化为竞争优势的可持续发展模式,是目前促进新疆特色林果业发展亟待解决的重大课题。基于新疆特色林果业发展的实践需要与理论研究的需要,从可持续发展角度审视新疆特色林果业发展问题,不仅具有理论价值,而且有重要的现实意义。有关林果业的发展问题在国内外越来越受到理论界和产业界的重视,很多省区都做了林果业发展规划,将林果业的发展提高到了战略的高度。但是,林果业发展的理论体系尚很零散、缺乏系统性,对林果业可持续发展的研究成果或者是集中在以产业发展的不同环节的经验总结方面,或者是对产业发展对策等局部内容的研究与探讨,因此,建立系统的林果业可持续发展理论是丰富和发展产业经济理论、指导现代产业可持续发展实践的迫切需要。本文以可持续发展理论、区域经济理论、产业经济理论、比较优势理论和竞争优势理论为指导,采用理论研究与实证分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合,综合运用管理学、经济学、社会学等方面的理论与方法,遵循历史与逻辑相统一的原则,在大量搜集相关数据、信息资料的基础上,借鉴国内外最新的研究成果,对新疆特色林果业进行全面系统的理论和应用研究。论文除引言和结论与展望外,主要分为四部分:理论篇:结合国内外相关研究和产业实践,梳理了当前的林果业研究理论,探讨了林果业发展的理论及实践依据。主要阐述作为研究林果业发展的重要理论基石的可持续发展理论、产业经济理论、比较优势理论、竞争优势理论、规模经济理论、农业产业化理论等,并阐述之所以选择这些理论作为理论依据的主要原因;在分析世界林果业发展概况的基础上,总结了美国、澳大利亚、新西兰等世界主要林果发达国家林果业发展的经验,从中提炼出林果业发展过程中带有规律性的东西,对新疆发展特色林果业提供借鉴,以此作为全文研究的大背景。基础篇:剖析了新疆特色林果业发展现状。对新疆特色林果业的发展历程进行了简要回顾,重点分析了新疆特色林果业在地区经济发展中的地位和作用,定性及定量分析了新疆发展特色林果业具备的优势,剖析了新疆特色林果业发展的特征、现状及存在的问题,以此作为全文研究的另一背景。研究篇:对林果业发展的重大问题进行综合研究:在迈克尔·波特的“钻石模型”的基础上,构建一个基于可持续发展的用来解释和分析新疆特色林果业发展要素的“钻石模型”,探讨了新疆特色林果业发展主要影响因素;在分析影响因素及借鉴林果发达国家和地区经验的基础上,构建了新疆特色林果业可持续发展指标体系并尝试地对林果业可持续法指标体系进行评价;从可持续发展的角度探提出了适合新疆区情的林果业发展战略;探寻新疆特色林果业可持续发展的模式。对策篇:从可持续发展的角度探讨新疆特色林果业的基地能力建设、加工能力建设、科技支撑能力建设、市场营销能力建设、灾害防控能力建设及政府宏观调控能力建设等问题,为有关部门制定决策提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fruit industry is a kind of technology-intensive and labor-intensive industry . As the restructuring of China’s macro-economic structure and agriculture structure ,fruit industry has relative advantages for its economic efficiency, ecological benefits, the large number of practitioners and far-reaching prospects for industrial development , and its importance to the needs of society and people’s livelihood. So it has become a key pillar industry for economic growth of agriculture, rural development and well-being issue of fanners . Thus, in recent years, the development of China’s fruit industry has entered a new round of high tide, which requires a new way of development to substitute the traditional extensive management style that pursuits only the grain yield. Based on the situation that sustainable development has been accepted and regarded as the guiding principles and strategic objectives of the industry by many countries and regions in the world, the thesis focus on how the fruit industry maintains sustainable economic development, and promotes a kind of method and attitude that is favoralbe to the enviromental protection and human being as well as society to ensure its potential and the vitality for sustainable development.Xinjiang is known as " Township of the fruit ". Because of long history of cultivation, Xinjiang has formed the numerous famous specialty superior fruits. Characteristic wood’s fruit industry in Xinjiang since reform and open policy has been very well developed. At present, the fruit industry in Xinjiang has become the third largest industry only to grain, cotton,.The fruit growing area in 2007 accounted for 19.72 percent of the sown area of crops, the fruit industry output value accounted for 11.2 percent of total agricultural output value. Fruit industry in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has been classified as one of four pillar industries promoting agricultural economic development in Xinjiang ,the good policy and support to be give to lead the agricultural economy structural to adjust in Xinjiang and increase the farmers’ income. Characteristic wood’s fruit industry development is an important way to achieve the Xinjiang population, resources and environment to sustain development, an important guarantee for virtuous ecological environment circle, the farmers income, economic development, social progress, political stability, and national unity. Although Xinjiang provinces, autonomous regions for fruit production, scale superiority and level of development have certain advantage, but its development there are still many problems. And fruit region and the status of the pillar industries did not match, has seriously hampered the development of fruit industy.Under the good macroscopic background of Large-scale development in the west, how to coordinate the relationship between the fruit farming industry and the fruit industry, to explore the sustainable development model of the resource advantages into competitive advantages, is to promote the development of Xinjiang characteristic wood’s fruit industry to need to address the important issue. Xinjiang based on the characteristics of the theory of the development of fruit industry in research and the practical needs of research . From the perspective of sustainable development in Xinjiang fruit characteristics, fruit industry development, not only has theoretical value, but also has important practical significance.Topic of the fruit industry in the development at home and abroad is receiving more attention in theorists and industrial field, many provinces have developed a fruit industry development plan, the fruit industry to a strategic level. However, the theory of the development of fruit industry is still very scattered, the deficient systematic characteristic, sustainable development of the fruit industry, or the results of research is to focus on industrial development in different segments of the experience of connection, or research and explore local content of industry development. Therefore, a systematic study of characteristics of fruit industry in Xinjiang, the issue of sustainable development is to enrich and develop the industry of economic theory to guide the practice of sustainable development of modern industry needs.In this paper, I did a theoretical and applied research characteristics of fruit industry in Xinjiang systemically and comprehensively, using the theory of sustainable development, regional economic theory, industrial economic theory, theory of comparative advantage and competitive advantage theory as a guide, adopting theoretical research and empirical analysis, qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, applying management science, economics, sociological aspects of the theory and methods comprehensively, following the principle of unity of logic and history, drawing on the latest research results at home and abroad, on the basic of collecting of a large number of relevant number and data.In this paper, in addition to Introduction and Conclusion and Prospect, the main is divided into four parts:Theory paper: Combining domestic and foreign research and industrial practice, I sorted out the current theories of the fruit industry and explored the theoretical and practical basis of development of the fruit industry. In this paper I mainly study on the fruit industry as an important theoretical cornerstone of the theory of sustainable development, industrial economic theory, comparative advantage theory, theory of competitive advantage, economies of scale theory, the theory of agricultural industrialization, and expounded the main reason of the choice of these theories as a theoretical basis. On the basis of analyzing the development of the world’s fruit industry,I summed up the experience of fruit industrial development of world’s major developed countries such as the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and the domestic developed fruit provinces and regions such as Taiwan, Shandong, and Shanxi, from which I extracted regular things in the development process of the fruit industry to bring reference to the characteristics of fruit industry in Xinjiang . It is a background of the full text.Basis paper: Analysis of the development actuality of the characteristics of fruit industry in XinjiangI conducted a brief review of the development history of the characteristics of fruit industry in Xinjiang, analyzed the position and role of the characteristics of fruit industry in the agriculture economic development of Xinjiang, analyzed the the advantage of the characteristics of fruit industry development in Xinjiang qualitatively and quantitatively, dissected the characteristics, current situation and problems characteristics of the characteristics of fruit industry in Xinjiang. It is another background of the full text.Research papers: Comprehensive study of major issues in the development of the characteristics of fruit industry in XinjiangIn reference Michael Porter’s "diamond model",I improved it to form a new sustainable development "diamond model" based on interpretation and analysis for the elements of the characteristics of fruit industry in Xinjiang and discussed the main influencing factors of development of the characteristics of fruit industry in Xinjiang. In analyzing the effects of orchard factors and learning from the experience of developed countries and regions ,I built the sustainable development indicators system and tried to land on the fruit industry, sustainable method for the evaluation index system. From the perspective of sustainable development, I brought forward a development strategy which is suitable to the situation of Xinjiang, seeking for the sustainable development model of the characteristics of fruit industry in Xinjiang.Response papers: From the perspective of sustainable development, I probed the building of base capacity, the building of processing capacity, the building of Scientific and technological support capacity, marketing capacity, the building of isaster prevention and control capacity, the building of government macro-control ability, to provide a basis for decision-making departments,.更多还原