新中国民族地区行政区划研究

【作者】 田烨；

【导师】 金炳镐；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 马克思主义民族理论与政策， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 民族区域自治制度是我国三大基本政治制度之一。实行民族区域自治,体现了国家充分尊重和保障各少数民族管理本民族内部事务权利的精神,体现了国家坚持实行各民族平等、团结和共同繁荣的原则。民族区域自治制度的实施与民族地区行政区划设置有着密切的关系,民族地区行政区划设置是实施民族区域自治制度的前提和保障,民族地区行政区划设置的优劣直接影响着民族区域自治制度的实施效果。新中国成立60年间,我国民族地区行政区划经历了多次调整,从新中国成立初期自治地方无论大小级别一律称为自治区的单一的行政建制,发展到目前自治区、自治州、自治县三级行政建制,民族地区行政区划朝着更加科学的方向发展,民族区域自治制度也更趋于完善。但是,随着时代的发展和社会的进步,某些民族地区的行政区划已经与当地经济和社会的发展不相适应。为适应经济和社会发展的要求,五个自治县撤县设市(区),一些民族地区探索行政区划调整的创新形式,如新疆维吾尔自治区进行的“乌昌一体化”、吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州运作的“延龙图一体化”。撤自治县设市(区)和民族地区“一体化”现象,是由民族地区城市化进程与民族地区行政建制中“民族自治市”缺位之间的矛盾造成的,反映出当前民族地区行政区划结构不合理,显示出当前民族地区行政区划设置与民族地区城市化进程不相适应。为了深入了解自治县撤县设市(区)和民族地区“一体化”现象的深层原因,解决民族地区城市化进程中行政建制约束,探索民族地区行政建制的创新,本文以民族地区行政区划研究为选题,首先对新中国成立60年来民族地区行政区划沿革进行了系统的归纳和总结,首次提出了民族地区行政区划发展的四个阶段,并对每个阶段民族地区行政区划的特点及实施效果进行了深入阐述,总结了每个阶段民族地区行政区划变革的经验和不足;其次对民族地区行政区划的热点问题进行了深入研究,一方面结合实地调查资料对民族地区撤自治县设市(区)现象进行了对比分析,阐述了5个自治县撤县设市(区)的原因、撤自治县设市(区)后经济社会发展状况和存在的问题及民族政策的执行状况,提出了解决民族自治县撤县设市(区)存在的问题的建议;另一方面结合实地调查资料对民族地区“经济一体化”现象进行了分析,分别对“乌昌一体化”、“延龙图一体化”的原因、进程、制度创新进行了归纳总结,同时将“乌昌一体化”和“延龙图一体化”进行了对比研究,总结了民族地区“一体化”中存在的问题和解决的办法。通过对撤自治县设市(区)和民族地区“一体化”现象的深入分析,本文探讨民族地区城市化进程中面临的行政建制约束,并在此基础上提出了解决民族地区城市化进程中行政建制约束的方案——设立“民族自治市”。设立“民族自治市”,既是少数民族城市化进程中的必然要求,也是解决民族地区一体化困境的有效途径,同时也是协调民族关系的重要形式。本文对于设置“民族自治市”的必要性和可行性,以及“民族自治市”的内涵、设立的标准、设立的模式以及法律地位的确定进行了阐述。“民族自治市”最大的特点是民族自治权和城市化进程的结合,能有效的保障少数民族的自治权利和促进民族地区城市化发展。总之,本文按照时间顺序,对民族地区行政区划的过去、现状和未来的发展方向进行了总结、阐述和展望。对新中国成立60年来民族地区行政区划历史沿革采取资料分析;对现阶段民族地区行政区划采取了案例分析;对未来民族地区行政区划进行了展望,提出了民族自治地方行政建制中新增“民族自治市”建制的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The system regional national autonomy is one of three basic political systems of the state. The implementation of regional national autonomy reflects the spirit of the state with full respect and protection for the minority which administrate the native internal affairs rights, reflects the state adhere to the implementation of equality, unity and common prosperity.The implementation of regional national autonomy is closely related with the establishment of minority areas administrative divisions, the establishment of minority areas administrative divisions is the protection and premise to implement regional national autonomy, it direct impact on the merits of regional national autonomy effect.During 60 years of new China founding, minority areas administrative divisions experienced a number of adjustments, in the early establishment of new China, autonomous areas from the level of a single autonomous system administration, regardless of their size are known as municipality, to the current autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties formed the three-tier autonomous system administration, minority areas administrative divisions are developing toward the more scientific direction, regional national autonomy has become more perfect. However, with the time of development and social progress, some minority areas administrative divisions are incompatible with local economic and social development. In order to meet the economic and social development, the five counties was evacuated and set up city (district), some autonomous areas to explore innovative adjust administrative divisions, such as Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, the ’Wu-chang integration’, Jilin Province Yanbian city Korean autonomous state operated the ’Yan Long Tu integration’.Evacuated counties then set up city (district) and autonomous areas integration phenomenon were formed by the contradiction between the urbanization process of autonomous areas and the absence of ’the national autonomous cities’ in autonomous system administration, it reflects the irrational of current minority areas administrative divisions, shows that current the establishment of minority areas administrative divisions can’t meet the urbanization process of autonomous areas.In order to realize the profound reasons of evacuated counties then set up city (district) and autonomous areas integration phenomenon, solve the constraints in autonomous system administration in urbanization process of autonomous areas, explore the innovation of autonomous system administration, this thesis takes minority areas administrative divisions research as theme. Firstly, systematically summarized and concluded minority areas administrative divisions in the 60 years form new China founding, first propose the four stages of minority areas administrative divisions and illuminated deeply the characteristics and implement effects then summed up the experiences and deficiencies at each stage. Secondly, researched the hot issues of minority areas administrative divisions further, on the one hand combined with field survey data contrasted and analyzed the phenomenon of evacuated counties then set up city (district), illuminated the reasons of five counties was evacuated and set up city (district) and the economic and social development situation and the question of the existence and status of implementation after that, finally, put forward a solution to solve the question of the existence of evacuated counties then set up city (district). On the other hand combination of field survey data analyzed the ’economic integration’ phenomenon in autonomous areas, analyzed the reasons and process and system innovation separately to ’Wu-chang integration’ and ’Yan Long Tu integration’, at the same time compared with ’Wu-chang integration’ and ’Yan Long Tu integration’, summed up the questions and solutions in ’autonomous areas integration’. Through analyzed essentially to evacuated counties then set up city (district) and ’autonomous areas integration’ phenomenon, this thesis discussed the constraints in autonomous system administration in urbanization process of autonomous areas, and on this basis draw a conclusion that the establishment of ’the national autonomous cities’ is a solution to solve this question.The establishment of ’the national autonomous cities’ is a inevitable requirement in the urbanization process of autonomous areas, also is an effective means to resolve the plight of ’autonomous areas integration’, yet is an important form to harmonize ethnic relations. In this thesis, I expound the necessity and feasibility of establishment of ’the national autonomous cities’, and its connotations and establishment standards and establishment model and the confirmation of legal status. The biggest feature of ’the national autonomous cities’ is the combine with the power of autonomy and the urbanization processes, it can protect the power of autonomy and promote the city development effectively in autonomous areas.In short, this thesis summarizes and prospects on the past, present and future of the development of minority areas administrative divisions in accordance with the chronological order. For minority areas administrative divisions in the 60 years form new China founding to now give a clear data analysis, and take the case to analyze now stage minority areas administrative divisions, to prospect the future of minority areas administrative divisions, finally put forward setting up ’the national autonomous cities’ in autonomous system administration in autonomous areas.更多还原