居都仡佬语参考语法

【作者】 康忠德；

【导师】 李锦芳；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 中国少数民族语言文学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本文以汉藏语系壮侗语族仡央语支仡佬语居都土语为研究对象,在田野调查基础上,采用参考语法的描写分析方法,兼顾传统语法的研究方法,综合运用现代语言学基本理论,对居都仡佬语的语法结构及特点进行了较为系统、全面、深入的共时描写和分析,全文共包括十一章。第一章绪论介绍本文的研究对象、内容以及研究意义,交待本文的理论研究方法,综述本领域的研究现状,说明本文的语料来源,然后介绍仡佬语族情和语言使用情况。第二章仡佬语的音系描写仡佬语的辅音、元音和声调的构成、数量和特点,并对仡佬语的音变现象进行归纳与分析。第三章仡佬语的词汇本章分析仡佬语词汇的基本特点;对借词的来源与借贷方式进行分析;对词汇的同音现象、离合词、习惯用语以及同义、近义等词义关系进行分析。第四章形态本章主要分析仡佬语的构词法的基本类型,并对仡佬语的各种构形形态进行分析。第五章仡佬语的词类根据前人的研究成果,本文采用十个词类的划分方法,分别对各类词进行详细的描写与分析,介绍各类词的语法特征。本章重点在于介绍名词、动词和形容词。对名词而言,重点关注其性和数;对动词而言,重点关注动词的时、体、态与价。对于形容词而言,形容词的生动形式是仡佬语的独特之处。第六章仡佬语的短语结构从八种短语结构来对仡佬语进行描写分析,重点分析短语结构的前项、后项在结构内部中的关系。第七章仡佬语的句法成分仡佬语的句法成分依据传统语法,分为主、谓、宾、定、状、补六种成分,本章探讨能充当各种句法成分的各种语言单位并对其进行归纳总结。第八章仡佬语的简单句本章先讲述词序在仡佬语中的表现和类型学意义,主谓句的类型和语法特点;然后对仡佬语的兼语句、连动句、被动句、比较句、判断句、话题结构、否定结构、存在领有结构等句法结构进行专题研究,它们是文章的重点内容;最后讲述省略句和非主谓句的特点。第九章仡佬语的复杂句本章介绍仡佬语复杂句的类型和语法特点,首先根据各分句的语义关系和逻辑关系,把复杂句分为并列句和主从句两个层次,并列句又分为并列关系、选择关系、解说关系、递进关系,主从句又分为转折关系、假设关系、条件关系、让步关系、因果关系、目的关系等。第十章仡佬语的句类根据语气类型,把仡佬语的句类分为陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等四种类型,对其形式、语义和语气进行详细的考察。第十一章结语归纳论文的重点、主要观点及创新之处,指出研究中存在的不足,并明确后续研究努力的方向。本文的研究意义在于:1、仡佬语是濒危语言,对其描写研究显得非常紧迫,而仡佬语迄今尚没有一部参考语法,本文的工作就是补充这一缺陷;2、语法是仡佬语方言系属的划分标准之一,本文的研究或可为仡佬语的后续研究提供一定的参考价值;3、对于探讨仡佬语语法的历史演变和语言接触背景下语法的演变类型提供参考;4、国内少数民族语言的语法研究,与汉语相比较薄弱,本文的写作就是为少数民族语言语法研究添砖加瓦。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dissertation aims to synchronically make a comprehensive and systematic study of Judu Gelao, a language of Geyang Branch, Kam-Tai languages, on the basis of reference grammar and the field work by the author. It consists of eleven chapters.Chapter one .Preface. It gives a brief introduction of the dissertation. It explains the significance of the research, the data sources, the theory and the methodology of this study, reviewing past linguistic researches on the language. The general information and the present situation of language use of the Gelao nationality are also given in this chapter.Chapter two describes the phonological system of the language, including consonants, vowels and tones. An analysis of sound changes is provided in the meantime.Chapter three makes a presentation of vocabulary of the language, such as the main characters of the vocabulary, the source language and the process of load words, an analysis of homophony, synonym and idiom.Chapter four concentrates on the basic types of word-building process of the Gelao language.Chapter five observes the word-class of the Gelao language. This study divides the vocabulary into ten word-classes, and describes the syntax of each word-class. Emphasizes are put on the gender and the number of nouns, the tense, aspect, voice and transitivity of verbs, and formative of adjectives.Chapter six describes eight main types of phrases of the language, and the relationships of different components within the same phrases.Chapter seven is a description of six syntactic constituents, including the subject, predicate, object, attributive , adverb modifier and complement. Special attention is paid to the relationship of different elements and the six syntactic constituents. Chapter eight is about the simple clause. Starting from the word order of the subject, verb , object, the dissertation studies a few types of constructions, including causative sentences, sentences with verbal constructions in series, passive sentences, comparative sentences, decisive sentences, sentences with topic structure, negative sentences and existential or possessive sentences.The complex clause is discussed in chapter nine. According to the logic and semantic, complex clauses can be divided into two types, namely coordinate sentences and subordinate sentences. This chapt makes an in-depth analysis on the various connective means.Chapter ten describes the format, the semantic and the mood of different patterns of sentences, including declarative sentences, imperative sentences,interrogative sentences, exclamatory sentences.Chapter eleven simultaneously draws a conclusion of the study, listing the main ideas of the dissertation and the progress made in the dissertation, as well as its possible errors and suggestions for further study.This dissertation makes important observations in for the study on Judu Gelao language. First, as an endangered language, the findings in the paper could be regarded as an initial effort to protect this language from distinction because this is the first serious study into Gelao reference grammar by now. Secondly, this study contributes a lot in the further study of the Gelao language, such as the dialect classification of the language, the historical syntactic changes under the influence of language contact. It is expected on the part of author that the present study will be helpful to the future study of the minority language research in China.更多还原