【作者】 朱鹏；

【导师】 赵中建；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 比较教育学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 私校公助是澳门教育现代化发展过程中的重要议题,也是国际私立教育领域的热点研究问题,围绕着“政府该不该资助私立学校”和“政府如何资助私立学校”这两个问题,不同的教育者和政策制定者展开了激烈的争论。本研究以澳门私校公助政策为研究对象,探讨了私校公助政策的理论基础,并对澳门私校公助政策的历史进程、模式特点、绩效表现进行了系统地分析与评估,并指出当前澳门私校公助政策中存在的种种问题与不足。通过提供澳门私校公助政策“不一样的实践与经验”,探讨和分析私校公助政策设计中需要注意的问题,为教育研究者和政策制定者们提供借鉴与参考。新自由经济理论、福利经济理论、教育公平与教育公正理论构成了私校公助政策的理论基础。在政策实践中,私立学校办学同时具有“公利性”和“私利性”的双面特征,成为人们拥护或反对私校公助政策的理论依据,本研究认为,私校公助政策的意义在于能否平衡或者如何平衡私校办学的“公利性”和“私利性”。私校公助政策在国际范围内有着不同的表现形式,本研究考察了美国、英国、法国、澳大利亚、荷兰五个不同国家私校公助政策,指出这种差异性的出现很大程度上与各国私立学校在教育体系内所占的地位和比例差异以及各国政府教育决策者对私立学校作用的认识差异有关。随着全球性私校公助政策的发展,各国的私校公助政策也出现了某些趋同性的特征,如越来越多的国家开始对私立学校进行生均经常费的资助、对不同的私立学校采取差别化的办法、将对私立学校的资助力度和资助条件结合起来。澳门私立学校发展的独特历史背景对澳门私校公助政策的发展有着深远的影响,它体现在私立学校在澳门教育体系中所占的比重以及私立学校的重要程度比世界上其它任何一个国家或地区都要高。澳门私立学校承担了大约95%的学生接受义务教育的任务,这一特点对澳门私校公助模式特点的形成具有深远的影响,使得澳门私校公助政策更加关注私立学校办学的公益性和教育公平的目标,这与其它国家或地区更为关注私立学校的教育效率问题形成了鲜明的对比。在私校公助的模式上,澳门采取了免费教育津贴模式对提供免费教育的私立学校进行资助,这可以视为澳门私校公助政策更为关注教育公益性问题的重要体现。然而,澳门免费教育津贴模式在政策设计上是有缺陷的,本研究分别从国际比较和政策运行机制的角度对这些缺陷进行了论证和分析,具体包括免费教育津贴的资助标准、资助条件、私立学校的成本界定、各校资源水平的差异等等。从私校公助政策的绩效表现来看,澳门私校公助政策由于过于强调免费性和教育的公益价值在一定程度上削弱了私立学校在教育效率上的表现。本研究从澳门私校公助政策的价值取向出发,分别分析了澳门私校公助政策对教育的公共价值、教育公平和教育效率的影响。由于免费教育津贴模式在政策设计上的缺陷,以及相关配套政策的不健全,无论是对于教育公平还是教育效率的实现,澳门私校公助政策都在在着一些潜在的问题。私校公助政策的实施还对澳门政府和私校的关系产生了较大的影响,由于政府需要对公共财政经费进行问责,加强澳门政府对私立学校的管理和监督势在必行,这将对私立学校的办学自主权形成很大的挑战。本研究分析了政府对私立学校问责的意义、方法和途径,并指出私立学校办学自主权具有相对性与有限性的特点,提出只有加强教育专业能力的发展和健全相关教育法律和制度,才是构建和谐政校关系的根本出路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Policy of private schools with public funding has been the key issue in the modernization of education in Macau, which is also considered as a heated research topic in the filed of international private education. A fierce debate has been raised among educators and policy makers surrounding two issues as follows: 1) Should the government provide public funds to private schools, and 2) How the government should be paying attention to in providing public funds to private schools? This study defines the policies of private Schools with public funding in Macau as research objectives, and try to explore the relevant theoretical foundations. Besides, the author points out the existing deficiencies of these policies, with the systematic analysis and assessment toward the historic evolution, pattern features and performances. With different practice and experience in the policies of private schools with public funding in Macau, the author discussed and analyzed issues needed to be paid attention to in policy planning in the hope of providing reference for education researchers and policy makers in this regard.Neo-liberal economic theory, welfare economic theory, concepts of equity and equality in education are the foundation theories of Private Schools with Public Funding. In the practice of policy, private schools have double-side characteristics of public benefit and selfish interest, which is the reason for pros and cons. In this dissertation, the significance of the policy studied is whether balance between public benefit and selfish interest could be and how to be achieved.The manifestations of policies of private schools with public funding vary in the international community. Policies in U.S., U.K., France, Australia and Netherland have been studied and the author points out the difference of proportion and status of private schools in different education system is related to policy makers’ different awareness of the role of private schools. With the development of policies of private schools with public funding, some similarities appears in policies of different countries, such as increasing government funding on Recurrent Student Fee in private schools, diversified policies on various types of private schools as well as funding with conditions.With the unique historical background, the development of private schools in Macau has far-reaching implications for the policy making on private schools with public funding in the area, which is reflected in its highest proportion and the most significant role of private schools in education system than in any other countries or regions of the world. The private schools are responsible for providing 95% students in Macau with compulsory education, which play an important role in forming the model of Private Schools with Public Funding, enabling the realization of public welfare and educational equality in private schools, as constitutes the great contrast with paying more attention to the efficiency of education in private schools in other countries and regions.In the term of the policy model of providing public funds to private schools, Macau has adopted Free Education Grants to finance the private schools which provide free education to students, regarded as the manifestation of stressing the issue of public welfare in education. However, there still exist the deficiencies in the design of this model. Accordingly, this study will try to make an analysis toward them from two perspectives, including international comparison and operational mechanisms of these policies, specifically the standard of Free Education Grants, the criteria for the grants, the definition of cost in private schools, together with the difference in the level of resources among schools.Regarding the performances of the policies of private schools with public funding, the efficiency of private schools to some extent has been undermined as a result of overemphasis on the characteristics of being free and pursuing the value of public welfare in education. Staring from value orientation of policy making on private schools with public funding in Macau, this study try to make an analysis respectively of the influences of the public value, educational equality and efficiency of this policy . Due to the defects in the design of Free Education Grants model and unsound related policy, the policy in Macau has some potential problems in achieving educational equality and efficiency.Besides, the implementation of policy of private schools with public funding still has a great impact on the relationship between the Macau government and private schools. With the need of accountability of funds for public finances, it is imperative for the Macau government to strengthen the management and supervision, which is a big challenge to school autonomy of private schools. This study analyses the significance, ways and approaches of government accountability of private schools, points out that autonomy of private schools is relative and limited, and claims that only by reinforcing the development of education professional ability and improving related education laws and system can they construct the fundamental solution to ensure harmonious relationship between the government and schools.更多还原