【作者】 张治国；

【导师】 周南照；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 比较教育学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪90年代,前联合国秘书长加利宣布“世界进入了全球化时代”。全球化是21世纪的一个新命题,它或多或少地影响到每个国家的各个领域。在语言教育方面,由于全球化加剧了各国间的语言接触和语言竞争,同时,全球化也拓展了人们的语言观。因此,语言教育在全球化时代显得更加重要,各国都在探索如何制定有利于本国在新时代的政治稳定、民族团结、经济发展和国际形象的语言教育政策。国与国之间的比较与借鉴是常用的也是有效的分析和完善本国教育政策的方法之一。这也正是比较教育研究的价值所在。美国的全球化程度高,语言教育政策研究深,而且美国的语言教育生态与中国的有许多雷同之处:都是多民族、多语言和多人口的大国。因此,本文拟对全球化背景下的中美语言教育政策进行比较研究。这是一个跨社会语言学和教育政策学两个学科的比较研究,本文将采取比较法、文献法和实证法来进行对比分析。本文首先阐述了全球化的含义、特点以及全球化对各国语言教育的影响,接着论文梳理并整合了全球化时代的语言观和语言教育政策的理论体系,分析了影响语言教育政策制定的主要因素:社会语言背景、全球化与英语帝国主义、语言观以及人们对语言既是民权又是人权的觉醒等因素。学校是语言教育政策实施的中心领域,因此,语言教育政策的内容主要是解决学校中的以下三个问题:语言的国内外推广问题、学校教学语言的选择问题和外语的教育问题。这三个问题分别涉及到一个国家的强势语言、少数民族语言和外语的教育政策。因此,本文在实践部分着重比较研究了中美强势语言、少数民族语言和外语的教育政策,剖析了各自的语言教育政策特点,并提出了美国语言教育政策对中国语言教育政策的启示。最后,文章提出在全球化背景下中国构建和谐语言教育政策的重要性和具体措施。该比较研究的结果可以为中国语言教育政策的制定者提供一些研究数据和政策参考,同时还可以为语言教育政策的研究者提供一些理论上的参考,因此,本研究具有一定的现实意义和理论意义。本论文共有八章,构成四个部分。第一部分就是第一章;第二部分由第二、第三和第四共三章构成;第三部分则包含第五、第六和第七三章;第四部分就是第八章。第一章绪论,本章阐述了选题的来源与研究的问题、研究目的与研究意义、国内外研究现状、研究方法、研究特点、研究创新、研究资料的收集以及研究的基本结构。第二至四章是本论文的理论部分。第二章阐述了全球化的含义、特点以及全球化对各国教育、语言教育和语言教育政策的影响。第三章简述了语言观的定义、嬗变和作用,重点梳理了全球化背景下的四种语言观(即语言身份论、语言人权论、语言资源论和语言软实力论)以及这些语言观对语言教育政策取向的影响。第四章是语言教育政策,该章论述了教育政策、语言政策和语言教育政策三者的关系,并重点阐述了语言教育政策的定义、内容、主客体、影响因素和制定意义。第五至第七章是本论文的实践部分。这三章分别就中美两国在强势语言、少数民族语言和外语三方面的教育政策进行比较研究。每章首先从理论上论述该类语言规划的重要性,然后描述两国在该类语言教育和语言教育政策方面的现状,并评析中美两国该类语言的教育政策,最后提出美国该类语言教育政策对中国同类语言教育政策的启示。第八章结论。这一章将归纳美国总体的语言教育政策特点,并提出美国语言教育政策对中国语言教育政策的借鉴意义。最后论文提出中国要在全球化背景下制定和谐的语言教育政策,构建和谐语言生活,为和谐社会与和谐世界的建成奠定语言方面的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The former UN secretary-general Ghali declared in the 1990s that the world had entered a globalization era. Globalization, which is a fresh proposition in the 21th century, exerts more or less impacts on every sphere of every country. In the field of language, for instance, language contact and language competition between countries are fortified on account of the globalization, and language views are expanded because of the globalization. Thus, language education appears to be of greater importance in the globalization era than before. And every country is making a research with respect to the establishment of sound language educational policies which can be conducive to political stability, national union, economic growth and international image in the new era. No doubt, it’s a frequently-used and effective approach for every country to obtain implications by comparing with other countries for the analysis and enhancement of one’s own educational policies, which is the significance of the research of comparative education. Owing to the facts that America is globalized on a larger scale, and that America has been making in-depth researches on language educational policy, and that US and China share a similar language educational ecology--polyethnic, multilingual, pluralculrual and populous, this dissertation is to conduct a comparative study of language educational policies between China and US in the scenario of globalization. Comparative research approach, archival research approach and empirical research approach will together be used in this dissertation in that it is an interdisciplinary study between educational policy and social linguistics.This dissertation is to illustrate the definitions and traits of globalization as well as its impacts on education, language education and language educational policy in every country in the world, to delineate the genre of language views and the theoretical system of language education policy in the globalization era, and to analyze the factors influencing language educational policy which are sociolinguistic situation, globalization and English imperialism, language views, and the people’s awareness regarding linguistic rights. Seeing that school is the key location in which language educational policy can be implimented, the contents of language educational policies are to deal with the following three issues: language diffusion home and abroad, option of instructional medium, and foreign language education. The three issues are concerned with educational policies of dominant language, minority language and foreign language, respectively. So this dissertation is to probe from chapter five to chapter seven into the educational policies of dominant language, minority language and foreign language in China and US. Finally, this dissertation points out the necessity and importance of harmonious language educational policy in the context of globalization. The research result will be of great use for language educational policy makers and language educational policy researcher as well.This dissertation is composed of eight chapters, which can be categorized into four parts. Part one is chapter one only. Part two consists of chapter two, chapter three and chapter four in all. Part three is comprised of chapter five, chapter six and chapter seven. And part four is the last chapter—chapter eight.Chapter one is an introduction, which gives an account of the impetus to select this topic, the issues to be studied, the purposes and significance of the research, review of academic literature home and abroad, research methodology and characteristics, research originality, the sources of data collection, and the framework of the dissertation.Part two is the theoretical section in the dissertation. Chapter two addresses the theory of globalization and its influence on education, language education and language educational policy around the world. Chapter three sheds light on the difinition, evolution and function of language views, but in this chapter priority is given to the illumination of four language views in the globalization setting and their impacts on language educational policy, which are language as identity, language as human right, language as resources and language as soft power, respectively. Chapter four probes into the correlationship among educational policy, language policy and language educational policy, and puts its emphasis on language educational policy, to be more exact, the definition, contents, subjects and objects of language educational policy, the factors affecting language educational policy and the significance of language educational policy.Part three is the practical section in the dissertation which makes an comparative analysis of the educational policies of dominant language, minority language and foreign language in China and USA. Each chapter addresses the importance and the status quo of the educational policies of dominant language, minority language and foreign language in China and USA, respectively. Furthermore, implications for the improvement of language educational policies in China are offered at the end of the three chapters.Chapter eight is the conclusion, which analyses the overall characteristics of language educational policies in USA, and points out the implications for China. Finally, this dissertation raises a suggestion that China should establish a harmonious language educational policy, which will pave the way for the construction of harmonious society in China and harmonious world in the scenario of globalization.更多还原