【作者】 陈世瑞；

【导师】 陈洁华；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 伴随着科技进步，人类社会迈入了日趋复杂的发展历程。近年来，公共危机频发，引起了各界的高度关注。有关危机、危机管理、公共危机管理等理论也逐渐成为公共管理学的重大议题。就其本质而言，危机是事实与价值的聚合体。危机管理成功与否在很大程度上取决于危机沟通的顺利程度，而沟通的成败取决于利益相关者信任关系的建立。公共危机管理是现代社会政府的基本职能，公共危机管理应遵循PRECISE原则，即重在预防(Preventive)、勇担责任原则(Responsibility)、灵活弹性原则(Elastic)、价值观一致性原则(ConsistentValues)、积极主动原则(Initiative)、利益相关者原则(Stakeholders)、快速反应原则(Expeditious)。本文从混沌理论出发，试图运用哲学、社会学、公共行政学、传播学、政治学、心理学等相关理论，依托政治学的规范性研究方法，从“价值—技术—文化”三个层次对当前中国公共危机中的沟通问题进行探讨，并将混沌理论作为新的理论范式，分析讨论了公共危机成因与演化规律。在当前中国公共危机的沟通中，最深层次的问题在于价值失范，价值体系的重构是重要现实问题。在此基础之上，本文提出“危机树”的概念，危机树的根是价值观与组织文化，树干是技术、组织结构、高层心理，应从整体视角考察危机成因，危机受内外部环境影响。本文通过对现实社会的考察，认为当前中国社会越来越具有“玻璃社会”系统特征，脆弱性、透明性、折射性的特点越来越明显。玻璃社会背景下的公共危机，更具威胁性，并使政府管理者有种被包围感，感觉像受到所有人的关注。我国现有的危机沟通存在诸多问题，比如危机意识淡薄、预警机制不完善、信息渠道不顺畅、舆论监督缺位、信息系统不完善等。在大量研究相关理论与实证基础上，本文从危机沟通的利益相关者结构出发，结合国情，对危机沟通的主体、客体以及第三人，亦即政府、公众、媒体，在危机沟通中的角色及其存在问题进行了剖析，认为三者关系多元契合在于价值取向问题，公共危机沟通的核心在于价值观认同，并认为公共危机管理的实质在于危机文化建设。根据危机生命周期理论，本文探讨了公共危机沟通过程，在此基础上，提出了公共危机中有效沟通的应对之策，即：落实科学发展观，树立动态稳定观；引入社会资本，提升社会复原力；构建高可靠性文化，增强沟通的有效性。在研究过程中，笔者还发现，当前中国公共危机产生的另外一个重要原因还在于权力与经济的紧密结合，暗箱操作现象严重，这也是本文的后续研究需要关注的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of science and technology, the human societyenters into a more and more complicated phase. In recent years, thefrequency incidents of public crises have aroused high attention in variouscircles. Crisis, crisis management, and public crisis management havebecome the most important issues in the area of public administration. Publiccrisis management is the basic function of government in modern times, itshould be follow“PRECISE”principle, namely Preventive、Responsibility、Elastic、Consistent Values、Initiative、Stakeholders and Expeditious. The keyto successful crisis management mainly hinges on the smoothly of the crisiscommunication, and the crucial of communication is the building of confidencebetween stakeholders.The essay proceeds from Chaos theory, involving the using of Philosophy,Sociology, Public Administration, Communication, Political science,Psychology and other theories and measures, relying on normative researchmethod of Political science so as to discuss the communications in public crisisin modern China from“Value-Technical-Culture”three levels. In addition, Imake the Chaos theory as new theory Paradigm, emphasizing on thediscussion of the discipline of causation and evolution of public crisis. Thedeepest problem of the public crisis communication in modern China is valueanomie, so the re-construction of value system is an important reality we haveto face with. Bases on these analyses, the essay introduce the concept of“crisis tree”, the root of“crisis tree”is the value and culture of organization.The modern China is under the background of“Glass Society”which isconstructed by crisis society, information society and Media society, the mostobvious feature is frangibility, transparency and refrangibility. The public crisesin Glass Society are much more threatening, as it makes the governmentfeeling that they are surrounded by everyone. There are many problems in thecrisis communication in modern China, such as weakness in the sense of crises, insufficient of warning systems, uncouthly of communicating, absenceof public supervision and imperfect of information systems.Base on quantity theories and empirical research, the essay analyzes therole of the main body, object and the third party, which is government, publicand media, in crisis communication, from a stakeholder’s vision. Then weconcluded that the fit in with each other with these three factors is the valueorientation. The core of the public crisis communication is the identity of thevalue, and the essence of the public crisis communication is culturalconstruction.According to the theory of crisis life circle, and based on the analysis ofpublic crisis communication process, we put forward the coping strategy ofeffective communicating in public crisis, that is: implementing a sciencedevelopment view; building up a dynamic state principle; introducing socialfund, improving the social recoverability; constructing reliable culture andimprove the efficiency of communication.In this study, I also find that the other important reason of public crisis inmodern China is the close contact between power and economy, and the blackcase works. This is the contingency question I have to concern.更多还原