【作者】 周科松；

【导师】 吴健平；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 GIS技术是国家应急平台的重要支撑技术。应急管理要求应急平台间能够进行有效的信息互动。与应急管理相关的信息载体大量地以文档形式和网页形式存在，由此，客观要求对GIS技术的全文检索能力进行拓展。本文的主要研究内容及结论包括：1、在比对研究了各行业已有突发事件应急管理信息系统之后，认为拓展GIS的全文检索能力是各行业各类应急管理信息系统共同的需要。找出传统GIS之所以全文检索能力弱的根源在于：传统GIS对于属性的组织与管理是基于关系型数据库的范式理论，范式理论要求，每一个属性字段必须是最小原子值，这种严格要求，对于存储大型文本的属性字段是无法满足的。2、提出了全文检索与GIS一体化体系结构，对实现一体化所涉及到的主要关键技术逐一进行讨论：主要包括：全文搜索引擎技术、空间数据引擎技术、地理编码技术、XML技术、网络搜索技术、网页编制技术等。3、全文检索与GIS一体化实现之后，能实现全文检索与GIS单独所不能实现的创新性功能，主要包括：空间数据的全文检索、基于空间位置的文档检索、网页文档全文检索及地理编码、文档主题分析，本文对此逐一分章阐述。4、在全文检索与GIS一体化体系结构的原理之下，具体开发设计了一个用于应急管理的一体化原型系统。实际构建了一个同时包含空间数据、文档数据、网页数据的示例数据库，数据量达到GB级。5、尽可能多地搜集整理了各类可供使用的地理编码参考数据，部份内容列于附录中。7、本文附录给出了一个作者新创的空间资源公平分配模型。主要不足之处在于，目前的全文检索主要是针对文本文档，还不能对图像、视频等多媒体文档进行检索。更多还原

【Abstract】 Geographical Information System (GIS) is one of the major supporting technologies in thenational platform for the emergency response. The efficient information exchange betweendifferent platforms is an important task in the emergency response management. A large quantityof data originated from documents and web pages can provide a lot of valuable information for theemergency response management. Consequently, the ability of full-text retrieval in GIS for theemergency response management is needed to improve in order to effectively manage theinformation in the documents and web pages rather than the physical files. This research aims toexpand the capacity of full-text retrieval in the traditional GIS applying in the field of theemergency response. The main contents and conclusions of this research include:1.After reviewing and comparing several existing information systems for the emergencyresponse management, this research reckons that to improve the full-text retrieval ability of GIS isan emergent requirement in its application domain of emergency response.2. The foundation of organization and management for attributes in conventional GIS software isRelational Model-based Normal Forms theory. In this theory, values in each attribute field arestrictly considered as Minimum Atom Values. Although it has been proved as a useful approach toaccess most types of attribute values, it still lacks the functions to handle those values comprisedof long text documents. And this situation is revealed by this research as the origination of theweak full-text ability of the traditional GIS software.3. The integration of spatial database engine and full-text retrieval engine is a functional andeffective way to increase the full-text retrieval power in GIS. By implementing this approach, theinformation can be derived flexibly from the combination of different data types, such as mapsand text as well as maps and web pages. Four functions have been implemented in this research: 1)the full-text retrieval for spatial data; 2) searches for documents with spatial location information;3) Geocoding using the information derived from web pages; and 4) analysis for the themes ofdocuments.4. GIS and Information Retrieval (IR) are fused from the bottom of the software development isregarded as a powerful approach to provide several new functions, which are neglected in GIS orIR alone.5. In this research, prototype GIS software with full-text retrieval ability has been designed anddeveloped by using ArcGIS Engine component and Visual Basic programming language. In addition, a database accessing several GBs spatial, documental and web page data has beenestablished as an example data source in this research.6. Numerous data in various types for the Geocoding have been collected in this research. Theadvantages and disadvantages of using those data in Geocoding are summarized and discusseddetailedly. And the author believes it should be useful for the future research in the similar field.更多还原