【作者】 王灏；

【导师】 曾刚；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 为了实现中国经济崛起的目标，必须改变我国高技术产业整体竞争力偏低的状况。光电子产业是新兴的高新技术产业部门，具有技术水平高、对国家核心竞争力提升贡献大的特点。由于光电子产业发展的“门槛”条件相对较高，因而其在全球范围内的分布呈现出非均衡格局。因此，分析德国等发达国家光电子企业创新网络特征和演变规律，对于促进我国高新技术产业的健康发展、丰富我国经济地理学研究内容均具有十分重要的意义。笔者在德国国家研究基金(DFG)项目“新兴经济体的知识吸收和国际竞争力研究——以中国光电子产业为例”(62201094)、中国国家自然科学基金项目“社会文化环境差异对上海地区中德企业网络构建的影响”(40371033)、国家留学基金项目“中德激光产业集群与创新网络研究”(2007u321 11)的支持下，通过广泛搜集文献资料，并在中德两地开展实地调研，对德国以及我国上海市光电子产业创新网络的形成、发展演化进行了较为系统的研究。国内外相关文献表明，很多学者多从对区域和企业的视角来研究创新网络问题。对于网络联系内容、网络结构和网络演化的研究，仍然主要集中于抽象的概括和简单的推理。然而，令人高兴的是，部分学者已经借助实证分析的方法，将研究的重点逐渐从抽象概念的简单描述向创新网络的具体功能和机理分析转移，社会网络定量分析方法和情景模拟也获得了更多的关注。论文在系统评述国内外技术创新体系、创新网络、产业集群研究成果的基础上，构建了光电子产业创新网络分析的理论框架。笔者沿着网络节点、链接、资源，网络构建条件、结构特征和演化的思路，系统地论述了光电子产业的特点和类别，回顾了德国四个重点地区光电子产业网络的形成、发展与演化过程，并将其与中国以及上海的光电子产业创新网络进行了对比分析，得出了以下几点结论：第一，网络节点特征、产品技术含量、制度环境条件决定着创新网络的类别和特征。光电子产业是比较特殊的高技术产业部门，除了具有风险大、技术含量高的特点外，还具有技术融合度高、技术合作要求高、产品应用范围广的特点。光电子产业创新网络则具有产品技术复杂、节点异质程度高的特征。借助社会网络分析方法，笔者分析了光电子产业网络的形成过程、影响因素、网络链接方式、网络节点空间格局等问题。第二，政府支持下各利益主体的合作研发对光电子产业创新网络的形成和发展具有十分重要的影响。技术的成熟和完善程度、缄默知识的传播以及知识产权保护等直接影响着网络联系的方式和强度。尽管创新主体之间的合作越来越密切，企业网络化趋势越来越明显，但高水平完善的创新网络也无法一蹴而就。第三，光电子产业创新网络的形成和发展具有历史偶然性和路径依赖的双重特征。中介组织为技术创新合作供需双方搭桥牵线，对马歇尔式创新网络的影响十分明显，而对轮轴式创新网络的影响十分有限。第四，政府支持对光电子产业创新网络发展的影响十分显著。联邦德国光电子产业创新网络发展的成功经验表明，除了发挥基层积极性、因地制宜之外，联邦政府和地方政府的资金援助、组织创新合作十分有效。正因为如此，德国四个重要的光电子产业密集区形成了各具地域特色、形态各异的光电子产业创新网络，有力地推动了德国创新型国家的建设和产业技术水平的全面提升。第五，我国光电子产业创新网络发展程度较低，自主创新十分有限，多具被动嵌入的特征。上海市是我国重要的光电子技术和产业基地，但光电子科研机构技术开发能力弱、官产学研一体化程度低、企业之间合作意愿不强、对外技术依赖程度高等问题，在一定程度上制约了上海光电子产业创新网络的健康发展，德国经验对上海发展具有一定的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is a must to change the lower competitiveness of high-tech industry in China.As anew high-tech sector,the photonic industry is featured by high technological standardand large contribution to improvement of national core competitiveness.Due to itstechnology intensiveness,the global photonic industry has an unevenly layout.It is ofgreat significance to analyze the feature of innovation network and the evolution ofphotonic industry in Germany.And it will be helpful to promote the development ofhigh-tech industry,as well as enriching the study of economic geography in China.The paper receives the academic support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG) project (Granted Code:62201094),China National Science Foundationproject(Granted Code:40371033) as well as the financial support from ChinaScholarship Council(Granted Code:2007u32111).Based on the documentationcollection and field survey in Germany and Shanghai,the paper pooled relatedmaterials for the study of Construction and Evolution of Photonic Industry InnovationNetwork in Germany and China.Through the review over documentation of home and abroad,the paper finds thestudies of innovation network are mainly from the perspective of firms or regions.The major research conclusions over network linkages,framework and evolution arebased on abstract deduction,while some scholars began to adopt empirical analysisapproach.The research focus of network gradually changes from simply descriptionto the function and mechanism analysis,with more attentions to the approach of socialnetwork analysis and simulation.Based on the review of theory in technological innovation system,innovation networkand industrial clusters,the thesis constructs a theoretical framework of innovationnetwork analysis in photonic industry.Following the Redline of network components(nodes,linkages,resources),network construction condition,structure characteristicand evolution path,the thesis makes a systematic study over the feature of photonicindustry networks.With the review over the photonic industry in Germany,the paper focuses its study on the formulation,development and evolution of its innovationnetwork as well as a comparative study over that of Shanghai.The paper has thefollowing conclusions:First,the construction of innovation network is fundamentally influenced by the thefeatures of network nodes,the technological character of products and theenvironment of network.As a special sector of high-tech industry,the photonicindustry share the commen feature of high developing risk and high intensity oftechnology with other high-tech sectors,as well as some specific characters oftechnological fusion and wide application.It needs strong technological cooperationduring the development of a new product in photonic industry.The innovationnetwork of photonic industry has thus the related features of complex technology andheterogeneity of nodes.The study that applied Social Network Analysis and evolutiontheory will be helpful for the finding of decisive factors of network construction,themode of network links and the regional disparity of nodes layout.Second,the contents of photonic industry innovation network are mainly based oncorporate R&D,accompanied by varied government influence.The standardization oftechnology and the application of tacit knowledge jointly affect the strongness andweakness of network linkages.At the same time,the density of corporate relationswill be affected by the intellectual property fights and technological know-how.Dueto the finite network density as well as corporate mode and contents,the corporatenetworking trend has its marking ends.Third,the photonic industry innovation networks are featured by historic coincidenceand path dependence.The intermediate organization in innovation network could bebetter functioned in Marshallian industrial district,while not so much in Spoke-Hubdistrict.The importance of core nodes in the innovation network could be perfect bythe well organization of intermediate organization.Fourth,the development of photonic industry embodies the will of a nation.Thegovernments of industrial advanced countries try to strengthen the technologicaladvantage through providing fund and organizing innovation cooperation.The federalgovernment and local governments of Germany adopt selective development strategyin varied photonic industrial clusters,formulating different shapes in the structure ofinnovation networks.Lastly,Chinese government is not well prepared in organizing of innovation inphotonic industry.Local photonic industry is mostly characterized by embeddedbranch of foreign companies.As a key city in developing photonic technology andindustry,the local research facilities do not act as the major technology providers.更多还原