【作者】 陈俊和；

【导师】 戴耀晶；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 现代汉语语言学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 “X+们”是现代汉语中比较特殊的一种结构。本文从功能主义的角度来研究现代汉语“X+们”的语义功能。主要运用认知语言学特别是认知语义学和认知语法的一些基本概念和理论，探讨了现代汉语的“数”，现代汉语“X+们”的语义功能及其解释，现代汉语“X+们”和现代韩语“X+(?)(deul)”的个性和共性特点等问题。本文提出用限定性(definition&non-definition)的概念来探讨汉语“数”的特点。限定是指有边界的事物中可确定(明确地确认)的数，非限定是指无边界或有边界的事物中不能确定(不能明确地确认)的数。现代汉语“数”不是属于形式范畴，而是属于语义范畴特别是认知语义范畴。现代汉语“X+们”中的“们”具有“个体限定义”的语义功能。“个体限定义”是指不可确定的具有有生性的多数个体因素(非限定数)通过“个体化”(们)来表示其个体限定义。与汉语“一们”很相似的韩语“—(?)(deul)”具有“个体限定义+个体性”的语义功能。“个体性”是指把多数的个体因素看作为个体之间有明确地边界的各个个体。从语法分布来看，韩语比汉语更复杂。如，韩语“—(?)(deul)”可以附着在有(无)界事物名词、副词、动词等后面。全文共分六章，约15万字。第一章是引言，第二章是“X+们”的主要研究回顾，第三章探讨现代汉语“数”(Number)问题，第四章探讨现代汉语“X+们”的语义分析及其解释，第五章探讨现代汉语“X+们”和现代韩语“X+(?)(deul)”的个性和共性特点，第六章是结语。各章的主要内容如下：第一章引言。主要介绍问题的提出，研究的对象和范围，研究目的和研究方法，理论意义和实际意义，以及语料来源。第二章主要讨论“X+们”的研究回顾。从四个方面入手：(一)“们”的语法性质问题；(二)“X”与“们”的搭配及其限制问题；(三)“X+们”的语法意义问题；(四)关于以往“X+们”研究的局限性。第三章主要讨论现代汉语“数”问题。本文采取限定性(definition＆non-definition)的概念，探讨了现代汉语“数”特点。限定是指有边界的事物中可确定的数，非限定是指无边界或有边界的事物中不能确定的数。现代汉语“数”不是属于形式范畴，而是属于语义范畴特别是认知语义范畴。第四章主要讨论现代汉语“X+们”的语义分析及其解释。现代汉语“X+们”中的“们”具有“个体限定义”的语义功能。“个体限定义”是指不可确定的具有有生性的多数个体因素(非限定数)通过“个体化”(们)来表示其个体限定义。第五章主要讨论现代汉语“X+们”和现代韩语“X+(?)(deul)”的个性和共性特点。主要讨论了“X”与汉语“们”和韩语“+(?)(deul)”的适用面貌的“个性”和“共性”特点、汉语“—们”和韩语“—+(?)(deul)”在语义功能上共性特点。与汉语“—们”很相似的韩语“—+(?)(deul)”具有“个体限定义+个体性”的语义功能。“个体性”是指把多数的个体因素看作为个体之间有明确地边界的各个个体。从语法分布来看，韩语比汉语更复杂。如，韩语“—+(?)(deul)”可以附着在有(无)界事物名词、副词、动词等后面。第六章是结语。主要对本文的研究内容和主要论点进行了归纳和整理，指出了本文研究中上存在的不足和今后值得深入研究的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study set out to examine the semantic functions of“X+men”that’s a sort ofspecial structure in modern Chinese.In modern Chinese,the“X+men”structure isrelatively special,which means its semantic nature can be discussed in an accurateand in-depth manner by analyzing it in terms of cognitive linguistics,especiallycognitive semantics.More specifically,the study adopted functionalism to investigate the semanticfunctions of“X+men”in modern Chinese.By applying the concepts and theories ofcognitive semantics and cognitive grammar of cognitive linguistics,the investigatorattempted to discuss the“number”issues and the semantic functions andinterpretations of“X+men”in modern Chinese and compare“X+men”of modernChinese with“X+deul”of modern Korean to examine their individual and commoncharacteristics.Employed in the study to discuss the number characteristics of modern Chinesewere the concepts of definition and non-definition.While definition refers to thedefinite numbers of bounded objects,non-definition to the indefinite numbers ofbounded or unbounded objects.In modern Chinese,“numbers”belong to the semanticcategory,especially the cognitive semantic category,rather than the formal category.“men”from the“X+men”structure has“the meaning of individual definition,”whichmeans that multiple individual elements with animacy represent definition throughindividualization(that is,“men”) when they’re interpreted as non-definition.Sharingvery similar functions with“-men”of modern Chinese,“-deul”of modern Korean has“the meaning of individual definition+distributivity.”“Distributivity”suggests thatmultiple individual elements can be seen as individuals whose boundaries are clearlydefined.When their characteristics are looked into in terms of syntactic distribution,“deul”demonstrates much more complex patterns than“men.”For instance,“deul”can be placed after“bounded-unbounded”object nouns,adverbs,and verbs.The study consists of total six chapters and about 150,000 letters.Chapter 1 is theintroduction,Chapter 2 reviews the major previous studies on“X+men”,Chapter 3discusses the“number”issues of modern Chinese,Chapter 4 analyzes and interpretsthe meanings of“X+men”,Chapter 5 investigates“X+men”and“X+deul”in terms ofindividual and common characteristics,and finally Chapter 6 presents the summary offindings. Each of the chapters provides the followings:Chapter 1 of the introduction raises questions,defines the subjects and their scope,introduces the goals and methodology,examines the theoretical and practicalmeanings of the study,and discusses the sources of language materials.Chapter 2 examines the previous studies on“X+men”of modem Chinese moreclosely in four areas;(1) the grammar nature of“men”;(2)the combination of“X”and“men”and its restrictions;(3) the grammar meanings of“X+men”;and (4) theproblems and limitation of the previous studies on“X+men.”Chapter 3 discusses the“number”issues of modem Chinese and its characteristicsby using the definition & non-definition concept.While definition refers to thedefinite numbers of bounded objects,non-definition to the indefinite numbers ofbounded or unbounded objects.In modern Chinese,“numbers”belong to the semanticcategory,especially the cognitive semantic category,rather than the formal category.Chapter 4 discusses the semantic analyses and interpretations of“X+men”inmodern Chinese.“Men”from the“X+men”structure has“the meaning of individualdefinition,”which means that multiple individual elements with animacy representdefinition through individualization(that is,“men”) when they’re interpreted asnon-definition.Chapter 5 discusses“X+men”of modern Chinese and“X+deul”of modern Koreanfor their individual and common characteristics.To be specific,I examined the usesand semantic functions of“men”and“deul”coming after“X”and compared them forindividual and common characteristics.Sharing very similar characteristics with“-men”of modern Chinese,“-deul”of modern Korean has“the meaning of individualdefinition+distributivity.”“Distributivity”suggests that multiple individual elementscan be seen as individuals whose boundaries are clearly defined.When theircharacteristics are looked into in terms of syntactic distribution,“deul”demonstratesmuch more complex patterns than“men.”For instance,“deul”can be placed after“bounded-unbounded”object nouns,adverbs,and verbs.And finally Chapter 6 of the conclusion presents major findings and arguments,thelacking points of the study,and research subjects for future study.更多还原