【作者】 俞如先；

【导师】 陈支平；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 人类学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 民间借贷是传统中国社会经济的核心。闽西区域民间借贷历史悠久。清至民国，闽西民间借贷的产生是闽西商品经济发展的必然结果，而且也是由于农民贫困化和其他社会因素的影响使闽西乡村社会经常性地产生救急、融通需求的必然要求。可见，闽西民间借贷的产生有其客观必然性。民间借贷在闽西一直发挥着不可替代的重要作用。在私有制条件下，地主、商人和富裕人家等社会阶层掌握着大量的社会资源(诸如实物和银钱)。由于求利冲动的驱使，这些社会阶层往往将其所掌握的社会资源用于谋利，追求高额借贷利率，高利借贷于是产生。闽西借贷体系中总是存在着畸高利率，而且为了顾及出贷实物与资金的安全，由营利阶层所主导，推动着民间借贷形式从无抵押借贷发展为抵押借贷、民间典当等形式，在借贷制度设计上越来越有利于营利阶层。但是中国传统社会并不是一个纯粹的以阶级对抗为基础的社会，中国传统社会无论朝代如何更替，阶级共存、和谐相处的价值理念都被传承了下来，在这一理念支配下所形成的乡族关系对营利阶层的求利冲动产生着直接的、持久有效的制约。得益于乡族关系的直接制约，闽西乡村不仅无息借贷、优惠利率借贷大量存在，而且也存在着多种体现互助周恤的借贷形式，诸如无息、低息普通借贷、抵押借贷和合会等。闽西民间借贷的运行始终是出贷方求利冲动和其冲动受着各种社会力量制约矛盾运动的结果。闽西民间借贷研究具有重要的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The folk debit and credit is the core of the traditional Chinese social economy.Thefolk debit and credit in the West Fujian country has a long history.From the QingDynasty to the Republic of China,the production of the folk debit and credit in the WestFujian country was not only the inevitable result of the West Fujian country commodityeconomy development,but also the inevitable result of the West Fujian country societyregularly to produce help in an emergency and allow temporary credit demand becauseof the influence of the farmer pauperization and other social factors.Therefore,theproduction of the folk debit and credit has its objective necessity.The folk debit andcredit in the West Fujian country has continuously been playing the vital role whichcannot be substituted.Under the private ownership,the people from the followingclasses,that is,landlords,merchants and the wealthy and so on grasp the massive socialresources (such as material objects and money).In order to make more profits,thesepeople often make full use of the social resources which they grasp to get high interestrate by lending money.Thus,high interest rate by lending money is produced,resultingin the long-term existence of unbalanced interest rate in interest rate system in the WestFujian country.Moreover,taking the materials and the fund security into consideration,these people guide and push the form development from lending without mortgage tothat with mortgage or pawn and so on.It is more and more advantageous for thesepeople in designing the system of lending money.But the traditional Chinese society isnot one that is purely based on antagonism.However the dynasty changes,the values ofcoexistence of social classes and harmonious relationship among people have beenpassed down.The township race under the domination of the values has direct,lastingand effective restriction to those people’s impulse to make profit.Benefiting the directrestriction which is related to the township race,in villages of the West Fujian countrynot only the preferential benefit interest rate of lending money massively exists,but alsovarious forms of lending money embodying the cooperation and sympathy with eachother exist,such as no interest,low interest,ordinary lending money,lending moneywith mortgage and the organizations offering mutual economic assistance and so on.Ina word,the operation of the folk debit and credit in the West Fujian country isthroughout the result of the people’s impulse from those classes seeking for profit andtheir impulse restricted by contradictory movement of different social strength.So theresearch into the folk debit and credit in villages of the West Fujian has an importantrealistic meaning.更多还原