【作者】 楚爱香；

【导师】 汤庚国；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 海棠(Malus spp.)在我国栽培已有2000余年历史,品种繁多,但对观赏海棠品种的科学分类研究起步较晚。本文对河南观赏海棠品种进行了系统研究。在对海棠形态特征研究的基础上,探讨了形态演化和变异的一般规律,制定了描述术语规范和形态特征的记载标准。采用种系–品种群–品种三级分类体系,建立了西府海棠和湖北海棠种系的观花海棠品种分类系统;并首次以种系为基础建立了观果海棠的品种分类系统。本文共记载了观赏海棠品种137个(其中观花品种66个,观果品种52个,引进品种19个),并编制了品种分类检索表;命名了82个新品种(其中观花品种40个,观果品种42个),整理归并了16个品种名称。对137个海棠品种按照观花、观果和引进三大类分别进行了数量分类研究。各类的聚类结果与形态分类的结果均基本吻合,但对‘大花单瓣’品种的归属提出了质疑。本文首次将最新的SRAP分子标记技术应用于观赏海棠品种分类研究。48品种的聚类结果表明:国内品种之间亲缘关系较近,而与国外品种关系较远。直枝型品种和斜展型枝品种亲缘关系较近,而与垂枝型品种关系较远。垂丝海棠种系下品种间亲缘关系较近,而与其它种系下品种的亲缘关系相对较远;同时不同种系各品种群间相互交叉聚合,呈现出较复杂的亲缘关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Crabapple(Malus spp.) had already been cultivated more than 2000 years in our country, and had formed a great deal of cultivars. The cultivars of ornamental crabapple in Henan were classified systematically aiming at establishing a rational cultivar classification system. The main results were summarized as follows:Based on the study of crabapple appearance, the common orderliness of mophological evolvement has been discussed. A criteria and terminology for describing cultivars are revised based on a morphologic analysis of the variation and evolutionary trend. Adopted the system of originated species, Groups and cultivars, the flowering cultivar classification systems of M. hupehensis and M. micromalus have been built up. Based on originated species the cultivar classification systems of ornamental fruiting crabapple have been built up for the first time.In this paper, 137 cultivars were recognized, including 66 cultivars of ornamental flowering crabapple, 52 cultivars of ornamental fruiting crabapple and 19 cultivars which were introduced from other country; Keys for distinguishing cultivars were compiled; 82 cultivars were recorded and described as new, including 40 flowering crabapple cultivars and 42 fruiting crabapple cultivars; 16 cultivar names were dealt with and mergered.The genetic relationship of 137 crabapple cultivars was studied by means of numerical taxonomic method. The clustering results can be in accordance with the classified ways applying on the appearance. But the ascription of‘Dahua Danban’was oppugned.For the first time, a new molecular marker technique ( SRAP) was applied to the research on the cultivar classification of ornamental crabapple. The results showed that the relationship is close among cultivars which are originated in China, but the relationship is far away between cultivars which are originated in China and in other county. The relationship is near comparely between cultivars which have upright branch and inclined branch, but it is far from the weeping cultivars. The relationship is quite near among cultivars which are belonged to M. halliana, but it is far from the cultivars which are belonged to other species. Simultaneity, the cultivars of every species are not divided into each Group as the above classification system, but they are polymerized across each other. So the relationship among cultivars is complicated relatively.更多还原