【作者】 杨秀莲；

【导师】 向其柏；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本论文研究了桂花的花芽分化、胚胎发育、花粉活力、种子的休眠机理和解除休眠的方法等生殖生物学和切花、淹水胁迫生理。所得结论如下:1、桂花的花芽分化历时三个半月,分为7个时期,结实品种和不结实品种的形态发育有一定的差异;胚胎发育历时近4个半月。2、桂花的花粉在10%蔗糖+100 mg/L硼酸+2%琼脂的培养基中生活力最高,不同品种的花粉活力均较低。3、不同品种种子的长、宽及单粒重存在极显著差异,内果皮纹饰也有较大差别。4、桂花种子的内果皮致密但透水,胚发育正常。内果皮和胚乳的浸提液对白菜籽发芽率和幼苗生长均有抑制作用,经GC-MS分析,内果皮和胚乳(含胚)中存在油酸、棕榈酸和十八碳烯酸等脂肪酸类物质,且胚乳(含胚)中初始ABA含量很高。因此认为桂花种子的休眠属于生理休眠。5、层积期间ABA含量逐渐下降,GA含量先升后稳,ZR含量先降后升再降又升,IAA先升后降。GA、IAA、ZR、(GA+IAA)与ABA的比值与各自独立时的变化趋势一致。可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量先增后降;淀粉含量持续下降。6、赤霉素浸种结合2~4℃的低温层积可有效解除休眠,以1000mg/L浓度处理75d左右效果最好。7、不同品种的切花瓶插寿命为:籽银桂>多芽金桂>四季桂,使用含蔗糖的保鲜液可适当延长观赏期。8、淹水胁迫下桂花幼苗表现为叶绿素含量缓慢下降;电导率先降后升;游离脯氨酸、MDA、POD、SOD含量均先升后降;2个品种抗淹力强弱为:朱砂丹桂>天香台阁。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation studies the reproductive biology about the flower bud differentiation, embryo developing,the pollen viability, the mechanisms of seed dormancy,the way of relieved dormancy and physiology of waterlogging stress of Sweet Osmanthus. The main results were shown as follows:1、The morphological differentiation of Sweet Osmanthus go through about half past three months,and the process is divided into seven phases. It is different on the morphological differentiation between seed cultivars and non seed ones distinctly. The developmental process of embryo and endosperm undergoes about 4.5 months.2、The pollen energy is the highest in the solid culture medium made of 10% sucrose+100mg/mL boric acid +2% agar , the pollen energy are all low obviously of different varieties.3、There is distinct difference on length, width, single seed weightiness and endocarps sculpture between different cultivar seeds.4、Though the endocarps is very thick, it don’t effect water absorption. The embryo is normal. The extraction solutions of the seed capsule and endosperm all inhibit the germination of cabbage seeds and growth of cabbage seedlings. The GC-MS analysis indicates that there exist manifold organic compounds in the seed coat and endosperm, mainly fatty acids, such as oleic acid、hexadecanoic acid and Octadecadienoic acid, in addition it also has much ABA in the endosperm.In a word, the main reason of seed dormancy is stayer in the seed capsule and endosperm. the dormancy belongs to physiological dormancy.5、The contents of endogenetic ABA in the endosperm gradually descend as the time of stratification prolongs; but the contents of GA increase, the contents of ZR descend at the beginning of stratification then increase as the time prolongs, there has some repetition; the contents of IAA increase at the beginning of stratification then descend as the time prolongs. the same as the ratios of GA/ABA,IAA/ABA and ZR/ABA, as a result, the dormancy is gradually overcome.The contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein rise at the beginning of stratification then descend as the time prolongs, but the contents of starch gradually descend.6、The treatment of soaking with 1000 mg/LGA followed by stratification of wet sand (1:3) in 2-4℃refrigeratory,75days can significantly arouse the germination percentage and is effective methods to overcome dormancy of Sweet Osmanthus seeds. 7、The vase life of cultivars is different. Anti-staling agents with cane sugar can improve water and nutrition during Vasing, the vaselife was‘Ziyingui’﹥‘Duoya Jingui’﹥‘Sijigui’. thereby anti-staling agent can prolong the enjoying time to a certainty degree.8、The changing trends of physiological characteristics under waterlogging stress is as follow : The chlorophyll content decreased gradually, the relative electric conductivity decreased at first then increased subsequently, while MAD content、the praline content、the activities of POD and SOD increased firstly and then decreased.The ability of anti-waterlogging is‘Zhusha Dangui’﹥‘Tianxiangtaige’.更多还原