【作者】 孙传姣；

【导师】 周伟；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 快速公交的运营调度是快速公交服务质量的关键，只有提供便捷、高效、舒适的服务才能增强其竞争力，吸引更多的出行者转移到公共交通服务上来。如何基于乘客出行需求优化快速公交调度，提高快速公交的运行效率是本文研究的重点和意义。本文从快速公交调度优化的基本原理与要求出发，分析了公交调度的现状，总结了存在的主要问题，引出研究的重点。根据快速公交的技术、运营和客流特点，给出了快速公交调度优化的原理，分析调度的影向因素和系统成本组成。给出了快速公交系统的调度优化要求，分析了调度的关键步骤和分类情况，为后续各章奠定理论基础。灵活的调度组合是快速公交运行特征之一。在快速公交线路上采取全程车、区间车、大站快车三种调度形式的组合，将大大提高快速公交的运营效率。论文在分析快速公交三种不同调度形式特点和系统的成本基础上，采用数学建模的方法建立快速公交组合调度模型。模型的目标函数为乘客的等待时间、在车时间和公交企业运行时间三部分的最小化，约束条件则具体考虑到时间、乘客和发车间隔等方面的因素。采用可变长度编码的遗传算法对所建模型进行求解，利用MATLAB编程实现求解过程。运用算例对提出的模型及算法进行了验证。优化结果显示：提出的公交调度组合模型及其求解算法是可行的而有效的，能够极大的节省系统的运营成本；敏感性分析表明：出行量增加后，不同发车间隔的目标函数值基本上呈上升趋势；出行速度的变化对于目标函数的影响呈现波折状态。如何使快速公交与普通公交之间的换乘更为准确、协调，是提高公交系统运行效率的重要方面。论文从快速公交与普通公交的现状换乘方式及存在的问题，提出了快速公交与普通公交协调调度的必要性。对协调调度的定义、功能和过程以及涉及到的广义成本进行了界定。以调度过程中的快速公交与普通公交换乘点为研究出发点，在普通公交调度中引入机动时间的概念，建立了以出行乘客的换乘时间、等待时间和公交车辆运营时间成本最小为目标的协调调度模型，并给出了到达时间、发车频率和机动时间的约束条件，保证与快速公交一致性调度。给出了基于遗传算法求解的求解过程，并给出2个算例分析，分别给出了快速公交与单一普通公交线路和多条普通公交线路的机动时间优化，优化效果明显，显著减少了系统的成本值。遗传算法因素分析表明，文中采用的变异率和种群规模有利于产生优化解。根据客流量变化情况，依赖先进的技术手段，对快速公交车辆进行实时调度是调度的高级形式。论文研究了滞站、动态跳站、短掉头、发车调度四种实时调度策略，并进行了对比分析。重点研究了快速公交动态跳站调度模型，建立了动态调度的数学模型，确定将要发车的快速公交车辆的停靠形式，目标函数为乘客的出行成本和车辆的运营成本最小化，约束条件则充分考虑了时间约束、乘客数量等。采用二进制编码的遗传算法进行模型的求解。通过数值算例验证，给出了推荐的跳站方案，跳站方案表明可以节省部分的停靠时间，减少系统成本。为了综合考虑定性因素对调度方案的影响，使调度方案的选择更为科学合理，论文选择了影响乘客因素和影响公交公司的12个方面的因素，引入网络分析方法考虑因素之间的相互联系，对实时调度策略的选择进行了评价。在给定的情形下，四种策略中的实时放车调度和跳站调度的优先权重值比较高，是需要优先考虑的调度方式。建立快速公交智能调度系统将有效保证快速公交运营质量，提供智能化的调度平台。论文从智能调度系统的需求分析入手，给出快速公交车辆智能化调度的目标及总体设计要求，根据本论文的研究内容和优化算法，考虑了调度组合、与普通公交的协调调度以及实时调度，体现了快速公交的调度特点。给出了智能调度模块结构设计以及关键技术分析，最后利用Mapinfo整合基本调度与优化调度，给出了智能调度系统的GIS表现方法，将优化研究与实际应用进行了良好的结合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bus Rapid Transit scheduling and operation are the key of service quality, only when BRT provides convenient, efficient and comfortable rapid transit services, it is possible to enhance its competitiveness and attract more trips transfer to public transport services. Based on the passenger travel demand, how to optimize the Bus Rapid Transit scheduling, raise the city’s transport system efficiency is the focus and significance of the study.This paper started from the basic principles and requirements of Bus Rapid Transit scheduling. The current bus scheduling situation is analyzed and the existing problems are summed up to leads to the focus of the study. According to the technology, operation and passenger flow characteristics, the optimization theory is given, including the impact of factors and system cost. The requirements of scheduling optimization are listed which include dispatching steps and the classification. All these are to lay the theoretical foundation for the follow-up chapters.Flexible scheduling is one character of Bus Rapid Transit. The BRT lines take on the combinations of regular scheduling, zone scheduling and expressing scheduling form, which will greatly enhance the operating efficiency greatly. Based the different character and system cost, the paper sets up the mathematics model. The objective was to minimize passengers waiting time costs, on board cost and transit enterprises operating costs, while the related constraints including time and passengers’ factors. By using variable length coding of genetic algorithm, MATLAB programming is used to solve the model. Numerical examples are given to verify the model and algorithm. Optimization results showed that: the BRT combination scheduling model and proposed algorithm is feasible and effective, can greatly save the system costs. What’s more, sensitivity analysis shows that: with the trip volume increased, objective function value under different frequency is basically an upward trend, while the travel speed presented twists.How to make the transfer between the BRT and regular bus is the important thing of improving transit efficiency. From the transfer way, the current problems existed in the regular bus and BRT, the necessity of coordination scheduling is proposed. The functions and processes and general cost are analyzed. Slack time are introduce in regular bus scheduling, setting up the goal of transfer of passengers travel time, waiting time and cost of public transportation vehicles operating minimum time for the coordination of scheduling model. The time of arrival, the grid frequency and motor time are given as the constraints. Based on genetic algorithm for the solution process, two examples are taken, which are separately are BRT transfer with a single bus line and a number of regular bus lines. The optimization result is good and saves much cost. The genetic algorithm factors show the mutation rate and population size determined is easy to find the optimization solution.According to the traffic volume and the advanced technology, real-time monitoring of vehicles and scheduling is the senior forms. Four real-time scheduling strategies holding, stop-skipping, short turning and deadheading, the different scheduling strategies are given for the comparative analysis. Dynamic stop-skipping model is given. The objective function is to minimize the passenger travel costs and operating costs, the constraints include the time constraints, the number of passengers. The genetic algorithm model is set to solve the model. To verify the models and algorithms, the numerical example is presented. The result shows that the method can save part of stop time, reduce system costs. In order to make the choice of real-time scheduling more scientific, the papers selected 12 factors including the passengers and bus companies. The ANP method is introduced to consider the inter-links between the factors. Under the given circumstances, the priority value of real-time deadheading and stop-skipping is relatively high and is recommend.The establishment of intelligent BRT scheduling system will effectively guarantee the quality of BRT service. With the goal of intelligent scheduling and design requirements, the combination of different scheduling form, the coordination schedule between regular bus and BRT, real-time scheduling are all considered. The structural design and key technical analysis of intelligent BRT scheduling are given, the mapinfo is given to show the schedule framework, which built a better theoretical framework for the system development and is practical.更多还原