【作者】 苗英豪；

【导师】 王秉纲；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 公路是一种处于自然环境之中的人工建筑物，其建设、运营以及养护均受到各种自然因素的影响。气候是最为活跃的自然因素之一，它对公路的影响尤为显著，一直为公路工作者所关注。在公路规划、设计、施工以及养护工作中，必须做到与当地气候条件相适应，只有这样，才能保障公路应有的使用寿命和正常的服务水平。因此，需要全面了解气候对公路的作用机理及区域内影响公路的气候条件的异同性。通过回顾国内外气候对公路影响研究的成果，系统地总结了太阳辐射、热量条件、水分条件以及风等主要气候要素对公路的影响，得出太阳辐射、高温过程、低温过程、高低温的循环变化过程、潮湿情况、干湿循环变化过程、潮湿或降水与高温组合过程、潮湿或降水与冻融循环组合过程等气候过程以及极端低温、风等是影响公路的主要气候过程和气候条件。针对对公路有显著影响的气候条件和气候过程，构建了相应的气候评价指标和指标体系，计算分析了部分主要指标在全国的分布情况。借助自然区划的研究方法，开展了公路气候区划的研究，提供从总体上认识我国影响公路的气候条件异同性的平台。从公路气候区划功能和需求分析入手，提出了公路对气候区划三个层次的需求，即基本需求、综合需求和宏观需求。依据区划的功能和需求，研究制定了区划的原则体系、方案体系、方法体系以及指标体系，建立了公路气候区划体系框架。依据公路气候区划体系框架，明确提出了各具体分区区划的目的，选择了合适的区划指标，利用聚类分析、指标划分和图层叠置等方法，制定了路基气候影响分区、沥青路面气候影响分区、水泥混凝土路面气候影响分区、公路施工气候影响分区以及公路气候区划等方案。这些方案与相关气候评价指标分布图一同构成的公路气候区划方案体系，为全面了解我国气候条件对公路的影响提供依据，对公路工程活动具有指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Highway is a kind of man-made structure in natural environment,whoseconstructing and maintaining are impacted by various natural factors.Climate,as anactive natural factor,is widely concerned by highway researchers and participators forits prominent effect on highway.Planning,designing,constructing and maintaining ofhighway should adapt to the local climatic conditions,which is the foundation fornormal life and service level of highway.Thus it is necessary to study the mechanismof impacts of climate on highway and similarities and differences of climaticconditions about highway among regions.Through review related achievements allover the world,this paper summarizedimpact of solar radiations,thermal conditions,moisture conditions and wind onhighway.It is showed that solar radiations,high-temperature process,low-temperatureprocess,freeze-thaw cycle,moisture condition,dry-wet cycle,process of hightemperature with moisture or precipitation,process of freeze-thaw cycle withmoisture or precipitation,extremely low temperature and wind are prominent climaticProcesses and conditions which have notable impacts on highway.Evaluatingindicators for each climatic processes or conditions are built and distributions of someindicators among China are studied through calculations.Using methodology of natural regionalization,this paper studies climaticregionalization for highway,which provides a platform to study similarities anddifferences of climatic conditions about highway among China.Through analysis ofregionalization functions and highway demands,requirements in three levels ofhighway on climatic regionalization are found,which are basic requirements,integrated requirements and macro requirements.According these requirements,skeleton of China climatic regionalization for highway are found,which includesprinciple system,structure of regionalization,methodologies and indicator system.According to structure of China climatic regionalization for highway,purposesof each included regionalization or zoning are defined and regionalizing indicators are selected.Climatic zoning for subgrade,asphalt pavement,PCC pavement andhighway construction and climatic regionalization for highway are finally madethrough methodologies of cluster analysis,division based on indicators and layersuperposing analysis.These zonings and regionalization and contour maps of relatedclimatic indicators,which compose China climatic regionalization for highway,provide references for studying impact of China’s climatic conditions on highway andhave guiding significance for practices of highway engineering.更多还原