【作者】 沈灿煌；

【导师】 陈永志；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 经济思想史， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放三十年来，我国民(私)营经济经历“允许存在”、“有益补充”、“重要组成部分”三个阶段，从小到大快速发展，在沿海许多省市已经占据了“半壁江山”，成为国民经济的重要组成部分和推动经济发展的主要生力军。随着民(私)营企业的发展，以“三缘性、封闭性、集中性和不清晰”为特征的产权制度的弊端日益显现，已经严重制约了企业的进一步发展。在激烈的国际国内市场竞争面前，产权制度的创新已势所必然。这不仅关系到民(私)营企业的兴衰存亡，而且关系到整个国家微观经济组织的整体素质和综合竞争力，关系到国民经济的可持续发展。民(私)营企业产权制度存在的缺陷，有其深层次的复杂原因，创新的道路是艰难的，既有儒家文化传统观念、农耕社会生产方式、既得利益集团的博弈、企业主个人能力等企业内部因素的制约，也有政策法律环境、市场发育程度、政府公共服务水平、社会诚信程度等企业外部宏观制度环境的制约，需要政府和企业的共同配合，缺一不可。政府和企业在创新过程中各有分工、共同作为，在宏观制度环境层面上，政府是创新的主体，在微观制度环节上，企业是创新的主体。产权制度创新并不一定都是建立现代产权制度，既不能固步自封，也不能照搬照抄西方产权制度创新的模式，而要根据我们的国情，结合企业自身的实际，在借鉴西方社会先进经验的基础上，走出一条适合自身发展需要的产权制度创新的途径。既可以制度的重建，也可以在现有制度上的改良和完善。可以根据企业不同的实际情况，通过股份合作模式、新型有限责任公司模式、上市公众公司模式和新型合作联盟模式等途径实现产权制度的创新。就企业自身创新的角度而言，必须突破传统观念、明晰企业内部产权、开放企业产权、实现两权分离、着手组织与管理制度创新、建立科学传承模式、塑造商业信誉和创新理念。就政府而言，必须为产权制度创新提供政策支持；明确产权界定、解决“红帽子”企业问题；积极完善市场体系，维护公平有效竞争的市场环境；努力营造法制环境，提供制度创新的法律保障；倡导社会诚信，优化外部环境；鼓励民企参与国企改革；科学界定环境产权，维护社会公众利益。创新是人类社会发展不朽的灵魂。社会在发展，环境在变化，制度的创新是永无止境的。民(私)营企业只有不断变革不适应自身发展和外部环境变化的旧制度，才能在复杂而激烈的市场竞争中永葆生机和活力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the past 30 years of reform and opening up,the private-owned economy has experienced threedevelopment stages,that is,to“be permitted to exist”,“be a supplement part”and“be an im-portant part”in Chinese national economy,and it has accounted for almost half of the total econo-my in many coastal provinces and cities and has become an important part of national economy anda critical force for economic development.With the development of private-owned enterprises,the deficiency of its property right system,which is characteristic with“relatedness、closeness,centrality and vagueness”is emerging gradually,and it has greatly restricted to the further devel-opment of enterprises.When encountered the intensively competition from both domestic and a-broad,it is unavoidable to initiate the innovation of the property right system.This is an impor-tant issue not only for the survival of private-owned enterprises but also for the wholly capacityand competency of the micro economic organizations,and consequently it counts for much thesustainable development of the national economy.There are some complicated deep-rooted factors resulting in the existing limitations of private-owned property right system.The interior limitations result from the traditional notion of Confu-cian culture,the production mode of agriculture society,the game among vested interest groupsand the individual capacity of entrepreneur.While the exterior limitations are arisen by the policyand regulation environment,the mature degree of market,the public service level of governmentsand the situation of social trust.Therefore,it needs the collaboration between government andenterprise to overcome the above limitations.The government and enterprise have their own role in the process of innovation,however theyneed to collaborate.At the macro institutional level,government is the main body of the innova-tion,while it is enterprise at the micro level.The innovation of property right system doesn’t al-ways imply the establishment of modern property right system,and it shouldn’t be restricted tothe previous system and copy fully the model of western system.An approach for innovationneeds to be conducted in the way which is in accordance with the real situation of nation and en-terprise and with reference to the best practice of western society.It can be either the reconstruc-tion of system or the improvement of the original system.Based on the real situation of enter-prise,different models will be appropriate for the innovation,such as stock corporate,new-typelimited company,listed public company and new-type collaborating alliance.On the one hand,from the perspective of enterprise innovation,it is required to abolish the traditional notion,toclarify the interior property right,to separate the ownership and governance right,to initiate theinnovation of organization and management,to set up a rational system of successor,create busi-ness reputation and innovation idea.On the other hand,the government should provide support-ing policies for the innovation,identify the property right clearly to resolve the problem of“red-capped”,improve the market system to ensure a fair and efficient competitive environment,buildup the regulation and law environment to guarantee the system innovation,initiate the integrityand honesty in society to provide the better exterior environment,encourage the private-ownedenterprise to engage in the reform of state-owned ones,to identify the property right of environ-ment to protect the benefit of the public.Innovation has been always the major driver of the development of human being.It is endless be-cause the society keeps developing and the environment changing.The private-owned enterprisewill survive and develop in the complicated and intensively competitive market only if it endeavorsto reform the old systems which aren’t in accordance with its own development and the changesof the exterior situation.更多还原