【作者】 翟睿；

【导师】 张绮曼；

【作者基本信息】 中国艺术研究院 ， 设计艺术学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 对秦汉时期(公元前211年～公元220年)室内空间营造的研究，是基于这一时期的社会文化背景展开的。从“大一统”政治格局的形成到巩固，从经济复苏到繁荣，从多源文化的合流到以儒学为干的多元文化形成，从国家对室内空间营造的统一管理到营造者群体构成的变化，都直接或间接地影响到这一时期室内空间营造方式和水平。同时，作者也期望在此基础之上，分别对该时期室内空间的形态、组织方式、界面装饰、室内家具及陈设进行研究和总结。1．秦汉时期将建筑室内空间营造纳入到国家统一管理系统。这一时期对室内空间营造的管理，是通过对相关行业的管理制度——工官制度来体现的。其功能在于对室内空间营造的用材、用色、图案进行管理，以保障室内空间组织及装饰符合礼制规范。室内空间营造活动已有大量的士人参与，黄门画家中的工匠画家渐渐失势，士大夫画家雀起。绘画的载体也由器物转向建筑，士人们通过在室内界面上“图画天地，品类群生”来参与营造室内空间环境。启开了士人介入室内空间营造的先河。2．单体建筑充分利用日渐成熟的木构技术，使室内空间三维尺度有增无减，空间的几何形态朝着“高敞”与“通透”方向发展，平面形态依然保持传统的方正；建筑组群的空间组合延续“轴线”空间布局观念；与先秦时期相比，单体建筑或单体建筑之间更加强调空间关系的“连续性”。秦汉时期的室内空间形态已基本具备了中国古典建筑的空间特征。3．室内界面的营造，表现为实用性与装饰性相结合。两者的结合方式以实用性为基础，主要装饰对象是具有实用功能的建筑界面或建筑构件。秦汉“大一统”的政治文化形成的“大汉”意识，陶冶出“尚大”的文化风尚，使装饰风格呈现一派“大美”气象。秦朝以“巨”为美、两汉以“大”为美的文化造像，形成了具有时代特征的装饰风格——“壮丽之美”。这也为后世室内空间营造提供了一种理想的范式。4．秦汉时期开始，室内空间营造将此前应用于室外的帷帐系统逐步应用于室内环境，从而形成较完备的室内空间组织系统。帷帐构造的独立性，使其在室内张设时与建筑的结构体系不发生必然联系，帷帐对室内空间隔断、围合等组织的独立性，奠定了中国传统室内空间的组织形态，也标志了中国传统室内空间营造的“独立”品格。因床的普及和榻的出现，先秦家具“随用随置”的陈设模式，在秦汉时期逐步转向相对稳定的“以床榻为中心”陈设模式。室内低足家具逐渐普及的过程中，依然保留了席地而居时期形成的低起居礼俗。陈设的原则仍然“以礼而序”。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study on inner space construction of Qin and Han Dynasties (from 211 B.C to220 A.D.)is carried out based on the social and cultural background of that period.Fromthe formation of political pattern of great unification to consolidation,from economicrecovery to prosperity,from the coexistence of multiple cultures to the formation ofmulti-culture led by Confucian culture,from national unified management of inner spaceconstruction to the change of formation of constructer group,all of these factors directlyor indirectly influence the way and level of inner space construction in that period.Besides,the author also hopes to study and summarize the form,organization method,interface decoration,indoor furniture and ornaments of that period.1.In Qin and Han Dynasties,architectural inner space construction began to beincluded in the national unified management system.In this period,the management oninner space construction was displayed through the relevant industrial managementrules—officers’ system,the function of which was to manage the materials,colors andpatterns used for inner space construction to ensure the inner space organization anddecoration could correspond with criterion of that time.There had been many scholarsparticipating in the activities of inner space construction,of which the craftsmen fromHuang’s painter school receded into the background,while scholar painters becamefamous.The carrier of painting also turned to architecture from utensil.Through drawingheaven and earth and all creatures in the indoor interfaces,the scholars participated in theinner space environment construction and led the van of scholars’ participation in innerspace construction.2.Mature timer techniques began to be used in single building,which made thethree-dimension scale of inner space increased,and the space geometric conformationbecame“tall,capacious and bright”.The layout still adopted traditional square shape;thespace combination of architectural group continued to focus on the space axes layout;compared with Pre-qin Dynasty,single building or buildings focused much more on thecontinuity of space cognition.The shape of inner space in Qin and Han Dynasties hadbasically possessed the space characteristics of Chinese classical architecture.3.The indoor interface construction focused on the combination of practicality anddecoration.Of which the practicality was regarded as basis,while the main decorationobjects were the practical architectural interface or component.The political culture of“great unification”in Qin and Han Dynasties urged to the formation of“grand Han” concept,which led the cultural trend advocate grandness;therefore,the people of thatperiod began to regard grandness as beautiful decoration style.The popular decorationconcept of“grandness”in Qin Dynasty and“hugeness”in Han Dynasty formed thecharacteristics of those dynasties,i.e.“the beauty of spectacularity”,which also providedan ideal model for inner space construction of late ages.4.From Qin and Han Dynasties,the drapery used outdoors before began to be usedindoors.From then on,a complete inner space organization system was formed.Theindependence of drapery structure made it unassociated with the architecture structure.The separate structure or enclosure space formed by the drapery laid foundation fororganization conformation of Chinese traditional inner space and indicated thecharacteristics of independence of Chinese traditional inner space construction.Becauseof the popularity of bed and creation of couch,the model of“setting when used”inpre-qin dynasty began to change to the model of“taking bed and couch as center”,in thecourse of popularization of low furniture,the original custom of low-position dailyregime was still used and the furniture was still arranged according to the originalprinciples.更多还原