【作者】 白萍；

【导师】 张应强；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 高等教育学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 培养什么样的人，用什么样的方式去培养，这是高校德育任何时候都无法回避的重要问题。因此，学术与政治、意识形态与教育之间的关系问题是世界道德教育学界一直关注的问题所在。在20世纪的中国，政治意识形态与中国教育学发展的关系问题，则被认为是“中国教育学发展所遇到的一个世纪问题”。论文从知识社会学和教育文化学的视野出发，认为高校德育不可能做到真正的价值中立，它必然具有一定的意识形态价值负载，但鉴于大学教育文化传承、批判与创造功能的存在与价值诉求，高校德育不应也无法放弃其自身的立场，它需要在学术与政治之间保持必要的“张力”。高校德育应当如何把握学术与政治、知识与控制之间的张力问题是论文研究的最终旨归。论文秉持的是解释学的方法论立场，遵循从实然到应然的研究路线，择取高校德育政策价值导向、制度安排以及民间德育理论研究三个层面，以新中国成立至今为研究的时间域，通过历史资料来具体呈现我国高校德育思想的发展变迁轨迹，进而探讨新中国高校德育思想发展的文化路径以及走入困境的深层次社会文化原因，从而希望为高校德育在控制与教化、精英与大众之间寻求自己的位置提供历史的借鉴。论文以哈耶克的“自生自发社会秩序原理”为理论基础，指出在中国传统政教合一的文化前提预制之下，受传统中国人根深蒂固的“大同理想”之梦的召唤，也受传统德育内在超越的神圣化追求途径之制约，同时，也是在共和国成立之初我们所选择的民族-国家确立的主权导向的影响之下，建国初期我国高校德育思想的发展表现出了较为典型的“唯理性主义建构”的特征，高校德育在对道德理想国的追寻过程中，由“神圣化”走向了“异化”。由于政治意识形态的强控制，此期高校德育理论研究在知识分子被改造的现实境遇下表现出了强烈的依附性特征，而高校德育的制度建构则在传统社会教化模式的深层次规约下，在“破旧立新”的理念指导下建立了以马克思主义理论知识传授为主旨，以革命的社会教化为特征的德育实施体系。文化大革命结束之后，在改革开放国策和“解放思想，实事求是”思想方针的指引下，随着社会政治体制和经济体制改革的深入，在市场经济、知识经济和全球化大潮的冲击下，大学生的个体意识不断得以成长，他们对人生的意义也不断进行着追问，而从政治意识形态的强控制中走出的高校德育理论研究在科学化和学科化轨道上行进之际，也对时代和大学生所提出的现代中国社会道德重建的问题展开了探寻。在实践的碰撞和理论的摸索过程中，我国高校德育政策和理论研究领域都对作为个体的人表示了积极的关注，也在道德层次划分的基础上对现代中国社会道德重建过程中信念的重建和规则秩序的建构达成了共识，而鉴于已有的历史经验和一个后发现代化国家所面临的现实文化困境，在民主法治、自由平等和公平正义的治国理念之下，新世纪以来，“以人为本”和公民道德建设成为高校德育的某种根基上的共识。但是，与高校德育政策以及理论层面的文化进化理路相对应，高校德育的制度建构在新时期陷入了一定程度的“路径依赖”，依然具有较为强烈的“知识灌输”和“政治规训”色彩。通过对1949年以来共和国高校德育政策、理论与制度三个层面发展路径的历史梳理与分析，论文认为我国高校德育思想在经历了剧烈的观念变革和实践碰撞之后，显现出了一个较为清晰地由“神圣化”向“人本化”回归的路径。然而，我们对“人”的理解始终存在着“工具化”和“精神化”的倾向，因此，对“人”的本真理解的差异和制度变迁中的“路径依赖”均不同程度地制约着高校德育的制度变革。在借鉴已有历史经验的基础上，参照美国大学公民与道德教育的有益经验，论文指出：高校德育无法保持价值中立，它必须坚持其清晰的价值导向，但在“以人为本”的教育理念下，我国高校德育需要改变传统的控制方式。因此，论文提出我国高校德育应以培养负责任的合格公民作为未来发展的基本价值诉求，从底线层面将“以人为本”的德育理念真正具体化。在为学生服务的观念指导下，高校德育制度建构可从公民知识传播和公民技能训练两方面来加以改进，通过内外部一致的制度环境建设和德育方法变革，以及相应的制度保障来突破历史的“路径依赖”。更多还原

【Abstract】 It’s an important and hardly avoid question for moral education in universities and colleges that educating what kind of man and how to educate, so the relations between academic knowledge and politics, ideological issues and education have been argued in the academic circles of moral education in the world. In the 20th century of China, the relation between political ideology and Chinese pedagogy was considered "century-long issue in the development of pedagogy in China". From the perspective of knowledge sociology, the thesis reviews moral education in universities and colleges shouldn’t observe neutrality, which must have some ideological standpoint. But in view of the value of education in university which demands on the convering, carrying on, criticizing, and creating culture, moral education in universities and colleges shouldn’t give up its standpoint, which must keep necessary tension between academic knowledge and politics.How to control the tension between academic knowledge and politics for moral education in universities and colleges is the final aim of this thesis. The methodology of the research is the hermeneutics, and the reseach course is from the reality to the ideality. The author interprets the devolpment of moral education ideas in universities and colleges for new China through three arrangements which are the policy value guidance, the system arrangement, and the theory research. The research aims at analyzing the culture course and clarifying culture reason why moral education in universities and colleges get stuck in the dilemma, in order to seek a appropriate position between control and paideia, essence and masses through the history experience.Based on Hayek’s spontaneous social order principle theory, the thesis points out that on the traditional cultural background of the union of politics and education , restricted the dream of great harmony and the inner-transcendmence principle of traditional moral education, therefore, influeced by the guidance on sovereign rights for the nation construction, the moral education ideas in universities and colleges obviously features "rationalism construction" during the initial post-liberation period, while seeking the idael moral state, from sanctification goes to dienation. Due to the strong control of politics ideological issues, the theory research on moral education in universities and colleges features "dependence" in the reality circumstances of intellectuals being transformed in this period. Restricted by the traditional social cultivation mode, directed by the idea of "destroy the old and establish the new", system constructions of moral education in universities and colleges features "revolutionize social cultivation".After the culture revolution, on the guidance of "reform and opening" policy as well as the principle of "emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts", along with the depening of economic restructuring and political restructing, pouded by the tides of market-orientied economy, knowledge economy, and the globalization, college students’ awareness of oneself grow up graduatly, who also show solicitude for the meaning of life. In the new period, the theory reseach of moral education in universities and colleges also begin to pursue the question of restruction on social moral which put forward by college student and our age, while marching forward science and discipline. Through a exploratory stage, policy and reseach of moral education in universities and colleges both take care of the life of human being, and they get issues of common interest on the reconstruction of meaning and construction of order. But in the view of history experience and the culture dilemma as a most-modern coutry, with the idea of democracy, rule by law, freedom, equality, fairness, and justice, since new century, people get issues of common interest on the "human-oriented" and citizenship education. However, on the constract of the route to culture evolution of policy and reseach, the system construction of moral education in universities and colleges is immersed in "path dependence" to a certain extent, which remains some features of compulsory inculcate" and "politics displine".Through the analyse of moral education in universities and colleges from three quarters which are the policy, the theory reaserch, and the system construction since 1949, the thesis points out the moral education idea in universities and colleges shows a clear route from idealism to humanistic. However, there has been a trend of understanding human from the angle of tool and spirit, so the different understandings of human and the "path dependence"in system changes both restrict the system revolution of moral education in universities and colleges.Based on the history experience, according to beneficial experiences of moral and citizenship education on undergraduate level in the USA, the thesis proposes that moral education in universities and colleges can’t keep neutrality, which must uphold clear vualue guidance, but on the basic point of education on humanity, the way of control must change. In the end, the thesis point out that moral education in universities and colleges should draw educating qualified citizen as a essential demand, in an attempt to make the idea of humanity to be worked out. On the guidance of idea serving for students, system construction of moral education in universities and colleges should improve from two aspects, one is spreading knowlege of citizen, the other is training citizen ability, in an attempt to break through the "path dependence".更多还原