【作者】 吕德文；

【导师】 贺雪峰；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 社会学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 这是一篇关注当代中国农村基层治理的经验研究作品，通过分析钉子户的产生、构成及行为逻辑，揭示基层治理中的权力结构及技术特征，进一步检讨近代以来国家政权建设的成效。本文的经验资料来源于河南扶沟、湖北京山、江西安远及福建武平四县农村。对各地乡村治理特征的把握，不仅来自于作者本人的调查，还得益于华北和华南研究的学术传统，以及华中地区村治研究的积淀。在把握各地村治模式的基础上，本文通过对计划生育、农业税费征收等涉农政策的实践分析，把握治理钉子户的总体状况。本文在分析概念上，主要得益于中国乡村研究的两个学术传统，即二十世纪三四十年代中国社会学者对乡土中国的出色研究，尤其是费孝通先生的努力，海外中国研究中关于近代以来中国地方治理的深入研究，尤其是黄宗智的持续关注。在理论与经验关系的处理上，作者有意利用区域比较的视角，甄别各种分析概念在经验解释上的有效性，从而丰富理论的内涵和经验的理解。本文研究的主旨不在于提出新的理论，而在于加深重大问题的理解。本文力图证明，治理钉子户是基层治理的核心，有效地控制和利用边缘人是农村变革有序进行的基础。边缘人是乡土社会的有机构成部分，与地方精英一样，是维系乡土社会内生秩序的关键力量，也是促成乡村社会变迁的活跃因素。近代国家政权建设的启动，为边缘人更广泛地参与推动国家政治变革及社会转型创造了条件，一部分边缘人被动员起来，成为中国革命的动力，更多的边缘人则成为国家政策实施过程中的钉子户，在重塑基层治理的同时，隐蔽地推动国家治理转型。综合治理是当代中国农村基层治理的主要特征，这是通过代理人体制来实现的。双重身份使代理人纳入更加广泛的权力网络，并能调动更多的治理技术，不仅引入了国家权力，还调动了非正式权力，不仅将教化权力充分调动起来，还调动了横暴权力。综合治理既是国家权力实现简约治理的基础，也是基层治理陷入困境的根源。治理钉子户已成为当代中国政治的重要组成部分，是推动国家现代化的关键领域。钉子户为国家权力进入乡村社会提供了一个支点，基层治理领域因此开放成为国家政治的一部分，钉子户甚至直接进入国家治理领域，触动国家政治的神经。更多还原

【Abstract】 This is an empirical research thesis .It focuses on contemporary Chinese ruralgrassroots governance. By analyzing the emergence, constitution and behavior logic ofnail household, this thesis indicates the power structure and skill characteristic ofgrassroots governance and revisits the effect and result of state -making since modernChina.The author collects the empirical materials from Fugou county in Henan province,Jingshan county in Hubei province, Anyuan county in Jiangxi province and Wupingcounty in Fujian province. To master different rural governance characteristics in differentregions, the author not only gets the material from his own survey, but also benefits fromthe academic tradition of North China, South China and Central China research. Based onthe knowledge of different regional rural governance pattern, this thesis analyzes thepractice of family planning policy and agricultural taxes and fees and other policies relatedto rural village, and tries to master the overall situation of nail household governance.For the analytic concepts, this thesis mainly benefits from two traditions of Chineserural research. One is Chinese sociologists study about earthbound China in 1930—1940,especially the efforts of Mr. Fei Xiaotong. The other is abroad Chinese research, whichstudies local governance in modern China, especially the studies of Mr. Philip C. C.Huang. On the relationship between theory and experience, the author applies the regionalcomparing perspective to distinguish the efficiency of different concepts in explaining theexperiences, then the author tries to enrich the contents of theory and understanding ofexperience.The goal of this thesis is not to have a new theory, but tries to deepen theunderstanding of some key issues. This thesis tries to prove that nail householdgovernance is the core work of grassroots governance. To control and utilize marginalman is the foundation of orderly reform in rural area.Marginal man is the organic part of earthbound society. Like local elite, marginal manis the key force to maintain internal order of earthbound society and also is an activeelement of prompting rural social change. Modern state -making creates condition formarginal man to participate in state political reform and social transition. One part ofmarginal men was mobilized, and they became important driving force of Chinese revolution. More marginal men became nail household as the country carried out statepolicy. While they reshaped the grassroots governance, they also promoted the transitionof state governance secretly.Comprehensive governance is the main characteristic of rural grassroots governancein contemporary China, which is realized through the agent system. Double identitiesbring the agent into more extensive power network. In addition, regent can use moregovernance skills, that is to say, it not only uses state power, but also uses informal power.It not only employs civilized power fully, but also wields violent power. Comprehensivegovernance is the foundation of simplified governance of state power, and also is the rootcause of dilemma of grassroots governance.Nail household governance is an important part of contemporary Chinese politics, itis a key field of promoting state modernization. Nail household is a fulcrum throughwhich the state power entered into rural society. Therefore, grassroots governance fieldbecame a part of state politics. The nail household even directly entered into stategovernance field and touched state political nerve.更多还原