【作者】 王波；

【导师】 张春霞；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪80年代起,传统的家具出口大国意大利、德国、加拿大、美国等的家具生产和出口逐步萎缩,家具生产逐步向其他国家转移,在欧洲,向靠近消费地、劳动力相对比较便宜的国家转移,如波兰和墨西哥;在亚洲,向生产要素较为富足的发展中国家转移,如中国、马来西亚、越南等。中国日益成为全球家具制造的中心。中国木质家具的巨大消费市场吸引着外资纷纷登陆,严重冲击了国内木质家具市场,加剧了市场竞争;而且随着出口的大量增加,针对中国木质家具产品的反倾销、绿色贸易壁垒等贸易摩擦问题也不断出现,并对中国木质家具出口造成严重的阻碍。中国木质家具产业在高速发展的同时,制约中国木质家具产业持续发展的瓶颈也凸显出来。为了提升中国木质家具产业的国际竞争力,实现可持续发展,满足国民经济建设和社会发展对木质家具不断增长的需求,必须深化中国木质家具产业国际竞争力的研究,客观地评价中国木质家具产业国际竞争力的现状及所面临的国际竞争态势,研究中国木质家具产业国际竞争力的主要影响因素及其影响力大小,从而使政策制定有据可依。本研究采用了出口优势变差指数、国际市场占有率、贸易竞争指数、显性比较优势指数和恒定市场份额模型对加拿大、德国、意大利、马来西亚、美国和中国的木质家具产业国际竞争力变动进行深入的定量比较分析,得到以下结论:从各国木质家具产业的总体情况比较,中国木质家具产业具有较强的国际竞争力,特别是入世后,竞争力提升较快,与意大利、马来西亚的竞争力属于同一水平层次,竞争力强于德国、加拿大和美国。从木质家具产品的具体情况看,中国在木质卧室家具(HS940340)上的竞争力水平提高最快,具有很强的竞争力,竞争力相对较弱的是带软垫的木质框架坐具(HS940161),而意大利在这一产品上具有绝对的竞争优势。本研究主要以波特理论为指导,以翔实和权威的数据对影响中国木质家具产业竞争力的因素进行了国际比较,发现中国木质家具产业具有一定的森林资源禀赋优势和劳动力工资低的成本优势,但存在着劳动力质量不高,表现在全社会劳动生产率低,教育与健康等支出较低,高级技术工缺乏等;通过实证分析发现中国庞大的国内市场需求对中国木质家具产业国际竞争力的培育与提升起着重要的作用;中国人工造林面积世界第一,但森林认证水平低;中国的人造板产量世界第一,但竞争力不强;中国家具五金业的国际竞争力虽不断提升,但与国外先进水平相比,工艺技术和设备仍相对落后。还对其他支持性行业进行了比较研究。中国国内家具市场竞争激烈,但企业规模偏小,产业集中度较低;同时,中国木质家具风格缺乏个性。国际油价的上涨,减弱了劳动力价格便宜的优势,降低了中国木质家具产业的国际竞争力;人民币汇率升值不利于木质家具的出口。本研究的主要创新有两点,一是首次运用面板数据模型,得出波特理论指导下的影响因子大小;二是运用协整理论,对需求条件与中国木质家具产业国际竞争力关系进行协整实证分析,发现应变量logexv(木质家具出口额自然对数)和自变量(人口数量ppu和人均国内生产总值gdpp)三者之间存在协整关系,即存在着长期稳定的均衡关系。本研究的主要特色是使用大量的图表,使指标比较一目了然。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1980’s, the traditional furniture exports of large countries such as Italian, Germany, Canada, the United States, furniture production and exports gradually shrunk in size, furniture production gradually transfers to other countries in Europe, to the close of consumption, labor is relatively cheap transfer, such as Poland and Mexico; in Asia, to the factors of production, more prosperous developing countries such as China, Malaysia, Vietnam and so on. Chinese furniture manufacturers are increasingly becoming the center of the world.Because of a huge consumer market to attract foreign investment landing, a serious blow to the domestic wood furniture market intensified competition in the market; and with the substantial increase in exports, in view of anti-dumping, trade barriers of the Chinese wood furniture, Green trade friction problems have been the emergence and cause serious obstruction to Chinese wood furniture exports. With Chinese wood furniture industry rapidly growing, Chinese wood furniture industry constraints of sustainable development is also highlighted by the bottleneck.In order to enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese wood furniture industry, achieving sustainable development and meeting people wood furniture growing needs produced by the national economic construction and social development, the research of international competitiveness of Chinese wood furniture industry must be deepen, with objectively evaluating the status and the future trend of international competitiveness of Chinese wood furniture industry. The main factors of international competitiveness of Chinese wood furniture industry and their influence on the size must be studied deeply, so that policy-making can be based on it.In this study, by using the deterioration of export advantage index, the market share index, revealed comparative advantage index and a constant market share model, changes in the international competitiveness of Chinese wood furniture industry are in-depth quantitative analyzed with comparison of Canada, Germany, Italy, Malaysia and the United States; The following conclusions are: from angle of comparison of the wood furniture industry of various countries in general, Chinese wood furniture industry has a strong international competitiveness, enhancing competitiveness faster especially after the accession to the WTO; Italy, Malaysia and China belong to the same level of competitiveness levels, and has stronger competitiveness than Germany, Canada and the United States. In view of wood furniture products, the Chinese wood bedroom furniture (HS940340) is the fastest growing on the level of the competitiveness and highly competitive; Relatively weak competitiveness are chairs of wood frame with padded (HS940161), and Italian is at the absolute competitive advantage on the product.This study guided by Porter’s Theory, using detailed and authoritative data, the influencing factors of international competitiveness of Chinese wood furniture industry are been compared with other countries, finding that Chinese wood furniture industry has a certain endowment of forest resources and labor advantages of low wages cost, but the quality of the labor force is not high, the performance of the whole society at the low labor productivity, education and health expenditures low, the lack of advanced technology, such as advanced workers; Through empirical analysis, China’s huge domestic market demand plays an important role in cultivation and enhancement of international competitiveness of Chinese wood furniture industry; Chinese artificial afforestation area is first of the world, but low levels of forest certification; Chinese wood-based panel production in the world, but not strong; Chinese furniture hardware industry, although the international competitiveness of rising, but compared with foreign advanced level, process technology and equipment is still relatively backward. Such is also for other relative and supporting industries.Chinese wood furniture market is highly competitive, but enterprises small scale and industrial concentration low and lack of personality style. Rising international oil prices has reduced the advantages of cheap labor, so as to reduce international competitiveness of Chinese wood furniture industry; the premium of renminbi exchange rate is disadvantage to the export of wood furniture.The main innovation of this study have two points: one is using method of panel data model, derived the size of the factors under the direction of Porter’s theory; and the second is by using of cointegration theory, relationship between demand conditions of Chinese wood furniture industry and international competitiveness is in the empirical cointegration analysis, we find that the variable“logexv”(the natural logarithm of wood furniture exports) and the independent variables (population“ppu” and“gdpp”GDP per capita) exist the cointegration relations between them, i.e. there is a long-term stability balanced relationship existed in them.The main feature of this study is the use of many charts, so that the presentation is clear.更多还原