【作者】 王惠杰；

【导师】 宋之平；

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学（河北） ， 热能工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 随着电力企业改革的深入进行,厂网分开、降低发电成本、提高电厂的上网电价竞争力是目前发电企业面临的主要任务。针对实际机组实现热经济性能的准确在线监测以及机组运行可控参数的合理优化是节能降耗的重要手段。明确复杂热力系统各运行状态参数之间的关联关系,在不同的运行边界条件下准确地重构机组的运行状态,进而实现多边界约束条件下实际机组可控运行参数的在线优化是实现火电机组优化运行的关键技术问题。本文针对以节能分析为目标的运行状态重构及运行参数优化等两个方面开展了研究工作,力求在深入的理论分析的基础上,融合数据信息资源,给出一种面向真实系统的、有效的决策方案。本文指明热力系统状态参数存在设备层面和系统层面的两重关联关系。为实现机组运行状态参数的准确重构,针对热力系统关键参数的选取进行了两类参数的能耗敏感性分析。通过引入负荷分布概率密度函数,给出了参数总体能耗敏感因子的计算方法,并结合实例分析了各参数对能耗影响权重排序,为多测点冗余技术、数据重构、状态维修和运行优化的关键参数的选取提供重要的理论依据。针对实际运行数据存在的状态不一致性以及数据失真等问题,提出了动态数据的准稳态处理方法以及包括逻辑关联分析在内的多重数据验证方法,保证了用于深入分析的源数据的准确性;对于历史数据的时效性问题,提出了时效因子的概念,为历史数据的合理引用提供了基础。在以上数据分析和处理的基础上,提出了综合机理分析以及统计方法各自优点的针对火电厂热力设备的混合建模方法,通过对不同边界条件下管道流动阻力特性、加热器的传热特性、汽轮机级组的通流特性以及效率特性等各类设备的实际特性精确建模的基础上,准确地描述了在设备层面上运行参数之间的关联关系,为重构机组的整体运行状态提供了重要的基础。引用系统分析思想,提出以汽水分布方程进行热力系统集成进而实现机组状态重构的方法,从而确定了系统层面上运行参数之间的关联关系,实现了不同约束条件下的热力系统状态重构,为实际机组的运行状态重构提供了一种新的技术路线。在此研究工作地基础上,本课题研究了多边界约束条件下的参数优化方法,并结合特定机组,针对运行初压的优化问题研究得出了不同发电负荷以及循环水入口温度下的最优运行初压曲线。结合某火电厂的机组运行优化系统项目开发,研究并分析了基于SIS平台的机组运行优化系统的结构和组成、实现的具体功能、系统框架以及系统的实际应用情况。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, with the reformation of the electrical enterprises, the separation of power plant and network, the primary mission of the power plants is to reduce the generating cost and enhance the competitiveness of sales price to network. The accurately thermal economy on-line monitor system of the real units and the reasonable optimum of the controllable operation parameters are the important means for energy-saving and cost-reducing. It can be make clear the incidence relation of the operation state parameters of the complex thermodynamic system and accurately reconstruct the operation state of power unit under the different operation boundary condition. Then the controllable operation parameters online optimization under the multiple barrier constraint condition can be obtained. The reconstruction of the operation state and the optimization of the operation parameters for the objective of the energy analysis are researched in this article. In order to obtain effectual decision scheme for the real system based on the in-depth theoretical analysis with help of fusion information the data resources.The paper pointed out that the thermodynamic system state parameters have double incidence relation, the equipment aspect and the system aspect. With the research of energy consumption sensitivity analysis of two type parameter, the thermodynamic system key parameters can be confirmed for achieve the reconstruction of the operation state parameter. The calculation of the parameter entire energy consumption sensitivity factor can be obtained by the load distribution probability density function. The energy consumption influence weight sequence of the parameter was analyzed based on analysis of the engineering projects. It is the important theory basis for the multipoint redundancy technology, data reconstruction, the choosing of the key parameter for state maintenance and operation optimization. This paper brought the quasi-stable state processing method of the dynamic data and the multiple data validate method including logic correlation analysis to solve the state inconsistency and distortion of the real operation data. Then the accuracy of the source data for in-depth analyzing can be guaranteed. The aging factor was defined to solve the aging problem of the source data, and it is the base for the reasonable quote of the historical data.The mixed modeling method synthesizing the merit of the theoretical analysis and statistical method was proposed for the power plant thermal equipment based on the above data analysis and processing method. The real accurate model of the main equipments characteristic of the pipe flow resistance, the heater heat-transfer, the turbine through-flow and efficiency was built. Based on these the mixed model, the associate relation of the operation parameters at the equipment level was described. It is the important base to reconstruct the unit global operation state. The unit state reconstruction method was put forward based on the system analysis thought and the steam-water distribution equation for the integration of the thermal system. Then the associate relation of the operation parameters of the system level was determined and the thermal system can be reconstructed on the condition of the different constraint condition. It put forward a new technology path for the operation state reconstruction of the real unit.The parameters optimization method on the condition of the multiple barriers constraint condition was studied in this paper. And the optimum operation initial steam pressure was solved combined with a certain unit. Then the optimum operation initial steam pressure on the condition of different load and recycled water entrance temperature was obtained. The structure and composition of the unit operation optimization system based on the SIS platform, detailed function, system frame and the real system application situation were studied and analyzed in the development of the certain power plant steam turbine operation optimization system project.更多还原