【作者】 苏朝光；

【导师】 刘怀山；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 海洋地球物理学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 我们知道陆相盆地主要发育构造、岩性和地层油气藏。在过去的40多年里，济阳坳陷出现了以构造油气藏和岩性油气藏为代表的两个勘探高峰，其中也穿插了一些地层油气藏的发现，相对来说地层油藏更隐蔽、成藏更复杂，勘探难度最大，早期该区成藏规律不清加之缺乏有效的勘探技术，地层油藏钻探成功率较低。通过近几年通过对地层油藏进行成藏规律和配套勘探技术的攻关研究，勘探效果显著，主要从油气成藏规律和勘探技术两个方面进行了系统研究，完成的主要工作量包括：(1)系统收集了国内外地层油藏已有的研究成果，了解了国内外地层油藏研究现状及发展趋势；(2)针对地层圈闭进行了高分辨率处理、叠前时间偏移处理、叠前地震反演处理等，累计处理资料1500km2，解释地震剖面20000余层km，完成构造图及各种分析图件近400张；(3)对9个构造带(油田)地层圈闭成藏要素进行了系统解剖，建立了不同类型的地层圈闭的成藏模式，提出了地层油藏富集规律；(4)研制了多项地层油藏的地震预测技术，形成了地层油藏综合评价等勘探技术。通过攻关和研究主要取得了如下3项创新及技术成果：1．提出三重不整合及其地层圈闭，建立五种成藏模式提出三重不整合及其地层超覆和不整合面遮挡圈闭的分布规律，建立五种成藏模式阐明了地层油藏富集规律。认为“凹陷陡坡沟槽超，先纵后横长输导，层挡泥挡稠油挡，油藏受控古地貌”为新近系超覆圈闭的成藏、分布模式；“凹陷缓坡低突起，馆陶斜交古近系，油气顺层上倾移，遮挡油藏稠油泥。”为新近系遮挡圈闭成藏模式；“突起抬起高源灶，裂缝溶蚀物性好，多种通道齐输导，鼻状背景最重要。”为前第三系突起地层圈闭成藏模式；“烃源灶内泥超砂，砂泥比较排压差，裂隙卸压油充注，封存箱缘成油藏。”为灶内二、三级圈闭成藏模式；“洼陷斜坡鼻状带，断层砂体运移道，滩坝低位三角洲，面上面下均成藏。”为灶外二、三级圈闭成藏模式。2．研制三种地层圈闭超剥线描述方法、两类配套描述技术研制了地层超剥线地质统计、夹角外推、属性处理三种精细描述方法，形成了波形分析、叠前反演储层尖灭线描述技术，实现了地层油藏定量预测，建立了三重地层油藏的配套描述技术。3．形成地层油藏“六步法”综合评价技术六步法包括：高精度层序建格架、构造分析划区带、不整合形态定靶区、沉积相带找储层、“三线”组合描圈闭，综合分析选目标。可以准确精细地评价不同类型地层油藏，部署勘探井位。通过攻关研究和实际应用，该项研究建立了地层超剥线精细描述方法、储层描述技术和地层油藏“六步法”综合评价技术，实现了地层油藏定量预测，取得了地层油气藏认识和技术创新，紧密结合油气勘探生产实际，取得了油气勘探重大经济效益，具有很好的推广和使用价值。应用上述新技术和新理论系统研究了济阳坳陷的沾车地区、东营凹陷、埕岛地区地层油藏的形成条件和富集规律，并对有利目标进行了精细预测和描述。其中在陈家庄、太平、王庄-宁海、林樊家、高青、单家寺、八面河、埕岛东坡、埕东北坡等多个区块取得勘探突破和进展，预测有利圈闭面积311．8km~2，预测圈闭资源量34000×10~4t，部署实施探井189口，上报探明石油地质储量20168×10~4t，建成原油年生产能力152．4×10~4t，加快了该区地层油藏的勘探步伐，取得了显著的经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is known that the structure reservoirs,the lithologic reservoirs and the stratigraphic trapsgrew at continental basins.In the past forties years there were two respectively structurereservoir and lithologic reservoir which were representative of two exploration peaks,amongwhich the stratigraphic traps were found sometimes,and the stratigraphic traps were subtler,more complex formation and more difficult exploration than other two reservoirs.In theearlier exploration the stratigraphic traps were drilled unsuccessfully because of its unclearforming regulars and lack effective exploration techniques.In recently the reservoiringregulars and exploration techniques have being studied systematically in the help of studying aset of techniques in the research for stratigraphic traps.The main works are:(1) collectingabroad and home study result in the research for stratigraphic traps to understand the studyingpresent and developing trending for finding stratigraphic traps,(2)processing seismic aiming atfinding stratigraphic traps in the ways of high resolution process,pre-time migration andpre-seismic inversion process,the total area in the processed seismic data was 1500km2,thedata interpretation area was余层km,400 structures maps and analysis maps were completed,(3)the different types of reservoir models were built through analyzing 9 structure zones (oilfields) to provide oil enriched regulars concentrated at stratigraphic traps,(4)variabletechniques predicted the traps were studied to form a serial of techniques to evaluatesynthetically the stratigraphic traps.As a result of study three new techniques had been developed.They are as follow.1.Three orders unconformities by which stratigraphic traps were configured are providedand five reservoir models are built.The distribution rules for stratigraphic onlap with three orders unconformities and trapswith unconformities barriers are provided to build five trapping models to show the oilenrichment regulars for stratigraphic traps.They are considered as onlap traps formed atUpper Tertiary that the traps are“growing in sags and steep slopes and onlap flutings,migrating vertically firstly and horizontally secondly for long distance,sealing by stratigraphicand shale and heavy oil,controlled by palaeogeomorphology.”They are considered as barrierstraps formed at Upper Tertiary,which are“growing in sags and gentle slopes and low bulges,contacted diagonally with Down Tertiary at Guantao Group,migrating upper along the horizons,sealed by heavy ail and shale.”Those are considered as subcrop traps formed atante-Tertiary,which are“growing at subcrop which uplifted source rocks,its physicalproperty are better in fracture or Karst,oil migrating in multi-way,it is important to findnose-structure backgroud.”There are two levels trapping models within source rocks,they are“traps with shale overlaid sand which configured within oil rocks,sandstone and mudstonehad poor pressure discharged,the hydrocarbon filled into fracture driven by pressuredischarged,traps with shale overlaid sand which configured at the margin at box,”and thereare also two orders trapping models outside source rocks,which are“structural nose at slop insmall sag,they were configured either upper or down of beach and bar or low delta,the oilmigrates through faulted-sand”.2.Three methods and two approaches are created to be used to describe truncation edgeof stratigraphic trapsThe three methods,which are geostatistics,angle extrapolation and property process,aredeveloped to describe stratigraphic truncation line,the depositional pinchout is described bywaveforms analysis and prestack inversion to predict stratigraphic traps quantitatively.3 Six steps processes built to evaluate comprehensively stratigraphic trap.The six steps are:building sequence framework in high resolution,dividing differentstudy zone by structure analyzing,defining targets by different order unconformity,findingpool at deposit zone,describing trap by composite“three lines”,analyzing interesting targets,which can be used to evaluated different typical stratigraphic trap to deploy drilling sites.The methods,such as strata onlap or denudation interface description,reservoirdescription and“six steps”approach,are developed to quantify strata traps to recognize thestrata traps property,by which the traps grew at Zhanche area,Dongying sag and Chengdaoarea are studied and their trapping conditions and oil enrichment regulars are summed.As aresult we have got breakthroughs and improvements in oil fields of Chenjiazhuang,Taiping,Wangzhuang-Nihai,Linfanjia,Graoqing,Shanjiashi,Bamianhe,east slop of Chengdao andnorth slop of Chengdao.Interesting trap area is predicted to be 311.8km~2,original oil and gasreserves is predicted to be 152.4×10~4t.The better economic benefit has bee got.更多还原