选择转换与融创

【作者】 张建伟；

【导师】 刘文西；

【作者基本信息】 西安美术学院 ， 美术学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 以“中西融合”的方式来介入中国画的现代变革,是20世纪独具时代特征的美术文化现象。写实水墨人物画作为这一时期产生的典型的“中西融合”的绘画样式,它深刻烙印了中国画曲折、复杂的演进轨迹。对写实水墨人物画样式是如何从选择、借鉴到转换、突破的脉络进行综合、系统的梳理和学理分析,既是期望讨论清晰其形成的共时性的社会、文化背景,以及形式语言、笔墨图式衍生的内在机制和历时性的阶段特征;也是希冀通过对“样式”的研究,探讨其在面对西方绘画的影响与冲击,是以怎样的姿态回应的,又是以怎样的方式保持传统文化品质的世纪性问题,确认它在“融合与创构”过程中为我们留下了哪些有益的线索和值得总结的负面影响,从而使其获得应有的学术定位。研究表明,写实水墨人物画样式形成、衍生的意义,首先在于它对20世纪中国画坛所产生的影响,特别是对西方写实绘画观念和造型手段的选择与融合,开拓了20世纪中国画“创新求变”的水墨画路径,延展了中国水墨画传统;其次在于它对水墨画笔墨语汇的丰富和发展,阶段性地实现了由受制于“光影结构的表达”到诉诸于“笔墨结构的转换”,并以“写实水墨”的视觉结构形态和笔墨图式确立了“样式”的文化身份。本论文具有专门史研究的性质,但又不趋同纪年撰史的方法。因此,笔者打破以年代时序来安排研究内容的做法,着力关注影响写实水墨人物画样式整体呈现的“选择、转换与融创”三个重要的支点问题来设计论文的体例结构,有意把“史”的线索隐含在对问题的“论”的结构之中。质言之,笔者力求在广泛的学术视野中,对写实水墨人物画样式所境遇的诸多问题,做出自己的客观的评价和判断,以此为其今后的取向提供拙见和参照。更多还原

【Abstract】 The transformation of the modern Chinese paintings in the 20th century had been uniquely characterized by the introduction of the“integration of Chinese and western styles”approach. The realistic wash figure paintings, of which the style epitomizes the practice of such approach during the period, have cut deep into the intricate and complicated evolution of the Chinese paintings.The paper aims to conducting an integrative and systemic review of and theoretical analysis on the style of the realistic wash figure paintings and exploring how the style has come into formation going from choice and referencing to transformation and creation. It has been expected to present a clear discussion on the synchronic social cultural settings for the development of the realistic wash figure painting style, in relation to its formal language and the internal mechanism of derivations of the patterns in using brush and ink. Also explored are how the approach responds to the western paintings while preserving the Chinese traditional cultural qualities and how to determine both its contributory and negative effects upon other paintings in the process of“integration and creation”, to the confirmation of its due academic status.The study has shown that the realistic wash figure painting style is significant primarily for the fact that it has influenced the Chinese paintings at large in the 20th century, particularly for its practice in choosing and integrating the western realistic painting ideas and construction techniques, which having opened up a new path to“innovation for changes”for the Chinese wash painting and having expanded the tradition of the Chinese painting. It has also enriched and developed the repertoire of the expressions of the wash painting, having successfully broken through the limit of the“light-shade structure representation”and achieved the“brush-ink structure transformation”, and thus have established the cultural status of the“style”for its visual structure and patterns of using brush and ink in“realistic wash painting”.The paper of its nature is a specialized historical study, yet not in chronological order. The author focuses on the three pivotal theses of“choice, transformation and creation in integration”, which are holistically present in the formation of the realistic wash figure painting style, while deliberately underlying the discussions with the historical links thereof. In an attempt is to approach the realistic wash figure painting style with a broad perspective and to present an unbiased evaluation and judgment for the various related issues, with a purpose of providing suggestions and reference for the later development of the style under examination.更多还原