【作者】 雷家军；

【导师】 阎治才；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 鸦片战争后,中国人民受到帝国主义和封建主义的双重剥削和压迫,富有爱国主义精神和斗争传统的中国人民兴起一浪高过一浪的革命运动,同时也产生了支撑革命斗争的思维方式、价值取向及其精神文化成果。从1905-1907年资产阶级革命派和改良派在论战中获得优势算起,革命文化主导中国近百年,1940年毛泽东指出:“革命文化,对于人民大众,是革命的有力武器。革命文化,在革命前,是革命的思想准备;在革命中,是革命总战线中的一条必要和重要的战线。”直到党的十六届六中全会提出:“建设和谐文化,是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要任务。”党的十七大强调:“和谐文化是全体人民团结进步的重要精神支撑。”理论上才有了根本转变。当和谐文化成为中国社会的主导文化后,对近现代中国产生了深刻而持久影响的革命文化中一些基本理论问题的学术价值就日益凸现出来。近现代中国革命文化,是以革命为思想内核和价值取向,以斗争哲学为理论依据,以倡导、研究、阐释、传播、实施、奉行革命理念为主要内容的文化形态、文化现象和文化性状。革命文化是民族争独立,人民求解放,社会要进步的先进文化。革命文化的内容包括革命的思想理论、革命的宣传教育、革命文化的队伍建设等。近现代中国的革命文化展现出群众性、斗争性、民族性和理想性的特征。近现代中国资产阶级革命文化的理论基础是西方的自由、民主、平等、博爱思想,三民主义则是资产阶级革命的具有理论基础意义的指导思想。无产阶级领导的新民主主义革命和社会主义革命的理论基础是马克思主义,尤其是马克思主义的阶级斗争和社会形态更替理论,毛泽东思想,尤其是实践论和矛盾论成为指导思想和哲学依据。革命文化既从西方也从自己的传统文化中获得思想资源。帝国主义和封建主义的残酷侵略和剥削,人民生活的极端贫困成为中国革命文化的现实条件。近现代中国革命文化,经历了旧民主主义革命文化,有完整意义上的资产阶级革命文化和不完全意义上的农民阶级反帝或反封建的革命文化;无产阶级领导的反对帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的新民主主义革命文化;新中国成立初期的社会主义革命文化;还有社会主义制度建立后革命文化的惯性延展时期。近现代中国革命文化在形成、发展、繁荣和延续的过程中,对中国的革命和建设事业,对中华民族的思维方式和价值判断都产生了深刻的影响,引领、激励、推动了革命事业的进步,留下了许多有积极意义的内涵丰富的先进经验。也留下一些理论认识、转变时机、斗争方式上的挫折和教训。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the Opium War, Chinese people were subjected to the twofold repression by imperialism and feudalism. As Chinese people have a glorious tradition of patriotism and struggle, they launched a series of mounting revolutionary movements. At the same time, the new ways of thinking, the value orientation and the spiritual culture achievements that could support the revolutions came into being. The revolutionary culture dominated China for nearly a hundred years since the bourgeois revolutionaries and the bourgeois reformists obtained their advantage in the controversy.“The revolutionary culture is the ideological preparation before the revolution and an essential and important front of the revolution fronts during the revolution.”Mao Zedong said in 1940. This situation did not be changed in theory until“Fostering a culture of harmony is an important step of building a harmonious socialist society”being raised at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth CPC Central Committee and“A culture of harmony is an important moral kingpin for the unity and development of all people”being raised at the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China.As the harmonious culture has become the dominant culture in Chinese society, the academic value of some basic theoretical problems of the revolutionary culture, which has influenced modern China deeply and persistently, has been revealed gradually.The revolutionary culture of modern China denotes a kind of cultural phenomena and cultural mode that regarding the revolution as its thought core and value orientation, philosophy of fighting as its theoretical base, and that advocating、researching、explicating、disseminating and fulfilling the rationality of revolution as being main contents. The revolutionary culture is an advanced culture which calls for national independence, peoples’ liberation and the development of society. The content of the revolutionary culture includes the revolutionary theory, the revolutionary education and publicity, the troop construction of the revolutionary culture, etc. The revolutionary culture of modern China shows some characteristics of mass, struggle, nationality and ideality.The theoretical base of modern Chinese bourgeois revolution culture is the western ideas of liberty, democracy, equality and universal love. The Three People’s Principles is the guiding ideology of the bourgeois revolution. The theoretical base of the New Democratic Revolution and Socialist Revolution that were led by the proletariat is Marxism, especially the theory of class conflict and replacement of social formation of Marxism. Mao Zedong Thought, especially the theory of practice and the theory of contradictory, is the guiding ideology and philosophical basis. The revolutionary culture gets its thought resources from both the western thoughts and our traditional culture. The invasion of the imperialism, the exploitation of the feudalism and the extreme poverty of people are the realistic conditions. The revolutionary culture of modern China has gone through the revolutionary culture of democratic revolution of the old type. It includes the bourgeois revolution culture in a full sense, the peasant class’s anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle culture in a non-full sense , the culture of the New Democratic Revolution, which was led by the proletariat and aiming at anti-imperialist, anti-feudal and anti-bureaucratic capitalism, the culture of Socialist Revolution at the period immediately after the founding of PRC and the inertia continue of the revolutionary culture after the establishment of the socialist system.During the process of forming, developing, prospering and continuing, the revolutionary culture of modern China has had a deep influence on Chinese revolution and construction, the way of thinking and the value judgement. It led, encouraged and pushed the progress of the revolution. It leaves us much positive, rich and advanced experience. It also leaves us some mistakes and setbacks on the understanding of theories, the time to transform and the ways of fighting.更多还原