【作者】 靳辛；

【导师】 孙英兰；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境规划与管理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 目前,我国大部分油田进入石油开采的中后期,采油废水外排量也越来越大,采油废水的达标排放问题已成为制约油田可持续发展的因素之一。如何经济而有效的去除外排采油废水中的污染物是油田迫切需要解决的课题。本文结合粉煤灰呈碱性且具有吸附作用的特性,提出了利用粉煤灰对采油废水进行预处理,以有效去除其中的污染物,为后续生化处理提供基础,并实现废物综合利用。本文对粉煤灰处理采油废水的动力学进行了研究,摸清了粉煤灰处理采油废水的机理。通过实验室内摇床吸附试验和现场机械搅拌试验对粉煤灰吸附采油废水中石油类、COD、挥发酚、氨氮等污染物的去除规律及其去除效果进行了研究,绘制了粉煤灰对采油废水中COD、石油类、挥发酚和氨氮的吸附等温线,并对吸附过程进行了分析讨论,研究了微生物被粉煤灰吸附的有机物的降解作用及微生物在贮灰层中分布规律,为现场试验方案和操作参数的确定提供依据。本文通过研究、试验,确定了灰水比、搅拌时间、搅拌强度、PH值等实现粉煤灰最大处理能力的较优工况参数为:粉煤灰先与冲灰水混合再与采油废水混合,粉煤灰(g):冲灰水(mL):采油废水(mL)为1:20:50,搅拌15min,200r/min,原水pH值不调,此条件下,粉煤灰对采油废水中石油类、COD、挥发酚去除率分别为80%、20%和10%。对石油类和COD的吸附量为0.91mg/g和1.34mg/g。实验研究表明:随着采油废水的增加,胜利电厂粉煤灰对COD的最大吸附量为10.1mg/g,对石油类的最大吸附量为1.4 mg/g。实验表明,粉煤灰直接与采油废水混合时,粉煤灰吸附去除采油废水COD较佳的操作参数为:灰(g)水(mL)比为1:30,PH值为10,温度为35℃,振摇48h,120r/min;COD平均吸附量为1.0mg/g,COD去除率达40%;由于粉煤灰和采油废水均为多组分体系,在固液界面发生多种吸附作用,导致COD吸附等温线呈跳跃状;粉煤灰先与冲灰水混合再与采油废水混合处理采油废水的效果好于粉煤灰直接与采油废水混合。根据实验结果,对”粉煤灰+氧化塘”处理现河采油废水工程的工艺参数进行了改进,使处理负荷由10000m3/d增加到22000m3/d,一年的运行结果表明,经改造后的工程运行良好,经济效益明显,出水水质能够稳定达到《山东省半岛流域水污染物综合排放标准》的要求。研究表明,本工程采取了防渗措施后,工程运行在一定程度上减轻了当地土壤的盐渍化状况,工程运行对其周围地下水有一定影响,但对其周围地表水环境影响不大。通过对处理采油废水后的粉煤灰的性质进行监测分析表明,采油废水对粉煤灰的浸出毒性和再利用途径均没有影响。处理采油废水后的粉煤灰在贮灰场堆放沥水后,可作为“粉煤灰烧结空心砌块”、“掺少量普通水泥的粉煤灰空心砌块”、“回填工程”和“筑路工程”的原材料进行再利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, most of the oilfields in china increasing year by year and the efflux of the production waste water becomes more and more. The problem of oilfield wastewater discharging below standard has become one of the factors constraining the sustainable development of oilfields. And the cost high affects the application of treatment. The urgent issue of oilfield is how to reduce the contamination of oilfield wastewater economically and effectively.Because the fly ash has features of alkalescency and sorption,The author proposed the pretreatment of oilfield wastewater by fly ash and could reduce the contamination availably and achieve muti-use of waste.It studies the dynamics of oilfield waste water treatment by fly ash and find out the mechanism of oilfield treatment by fly ash in this paper. Through the experiment of adsorption in lab and mechanical stirring, we researched the rule and effect of oil COD volatile phenol NH3-N adsorption in oilfield wastewater by fly ash and protract the adsorption isotherm. After that, we researched the degradation function of organic matter on fly ash by animalcule and the midsplit rule in ash of animalcule. It provides the basis for the experiment program and the determination of operating parameters.Through experiments and researches, we identified the better working condition parameters of gray-water ratio, stirring time, stirring intensity, pH value Etc. which achieve the greatest ability to deal with fly ash(are): fly ash mixtured with the ash-water first and then mixed with the produced water: Fly Ash (g): ash-water (mL): produced water (mL) was 1:20:50, stirring 15min, 200r/min, do not change the pH value of former water. In this case, the removal rates of oil in the wastewater, COD, and volatile phenol that removed by fly cash are 80%, 20% and 10% respectively. The adsorption capacity of oil and COD is 0.91mg / g and 1.34mg / g respectively, The absorption of Ammonia is negative.The experiment shows that: With the increasing of produced water, the biggest adsorption of COD and oil which was adsorpted by fly ash in SL power plant is 10.1mg / g and 1.4 mg / g respectively. The experimental results show that : the better operating parameters to remove COD in oil wastewater is adsorped by fly ash ,which is mixed with produced water(,is): ash (g) Water (mL) ratio is 1:30, pH=10, temperature of 35℃,shaking 48h, 120r/min; the average of COD adsorption capacity is 1.0mg / g, and COD removal rate reaches 40%. It leads to COD adsorption isotherm jumping like. Because fly ash and produced water are multi-component system, which has a variety of solid-liquid interface adsorption.Tests showed that the treatment of fly ash that mixed with the ash-water first and then with oil produced water is better than that mixed with produced water directly.According to the experimental results, after improving the treatment process parameters of the "Fly + oxidation pond project" in Xianhe oil waste water, the processing load increased from the 10000 Cubic meters / day to 22,000 Cubic meters / day, One-year’s running shows that it runs well, and has a obvious economic benefits, water quality can stably reach the "Shandong Peninsula General Basin water pollutant discharge standard" requirements.Studies have shown that the project has taken the anti-seepage measures, and also has reduced the local conditions of soil salinization to a certain extent. The operation has some influences on the surrounding groundwater but has no influences on the surface water around.According to analysis of the feature of fly ash which is used to treat produced water, the produced water has no effect on the leaching toxicity of fly ash and reuse of channels. After the fly cash which was used to treat produced water is piled up and the water is leaked at storage yard , it can be used as "fly ash sintered hollow block", "mixed a small amount of ordinary fly ash cement hollow block", "backfilling works" and "roads Project "of raw materials for reuse.更多还原