【作者】 刘敬孝；

【导师】 曹洪军；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境规划与管理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 可持续发展的一切矛盾和问题的来源和解决或多或少都与经济发展方式有关。资本是揭示经济发展和经济发展方式转变的重要概念,因为不同类型的资本及其组合是创造商品、服务和财富的源泉。经济发展方式转变的基础和根本驱动力在于人力资本。传统的依靠大量增加资本投入的经济发展方式是造成自然生态环境问题的根源之一,从依靠资本投入转向依靠科技进步为主实现经济增长,或者从根本上说是从依靠物质资本投入为主转向依靠人力资本投入为主实现经济增长,是当代中国和世界所共同面临的重大课题。人力资本不仅是一个经济学概念,而且是一个社会学概念,人力资本不仅具有技术属性,而且具有社会文化属性,企业家人力资本存量是区域文化人力资本和关系人力资本的集中体现,一个区域的文化人力资本和关系人力资本存量大体可以用这个区域的企业家人力资本存量来表示。区域人力资本存量是一个区域经济发展方式转变的基础和动力。借鉴张一力(2005)的模型,一个区域内的人力资本存量结构可以从专业人力资本和企业家人力资本两个维度、四个象限认识,这样不同区域的人力资本存量结构可以分为四种类型,分别是双高型人力资本结构模式、高-低型(企业家人力资本富裕型)人力资本结构模式、低-高型(专业人力资本富裕型)结构模式和双低型模式。当然,人力资本存量的高低是一个相对的概念,从区域经济发展的现状和经济发展方式转变的渐进性的角度,我们把山东省人力资本存量结构与浙江省的人力资本存量做比较,可以发现山东省专业人力资本存量无论是从绝对数还是从相对数上都高于浙江省乃至全国水平,但山东省企业家人力资本存量大大低于浙江省水平,可以把山东省的人力资本存量定义为低-高型,其特征是专业人力资本相对富裕,但企业家人力资本非常贫乏。实证分析发现,企业家人力资本存量偏低不仅导致区域内创新原动力不足,同时也在很大程度上影响了专业人力资本在经济发展中作用的发挥。山东省目前的人力资本存量结构模式已经对山东省经济发展方式的转变产生了巨大的制约。企业家人力资本存量偏低意味着反映市场经济要求的文化人力资本和关系人力资本存量偏低,这主要与山东省区域文化的保守与封闭有着直接的关系,另外也与山东省强政府-弱社会模式下的制度变迁尚不够合理有很大关系。提高山东省企业家人力资本存量一方面要在文化上通过多种机制和形式培育市场经济和职业精神的土壤,促进民间特别是农村地区符合市场经济要求的文化人力资本和关系人力资本的存量的迅速提升,另一方面还要在制度上对企业家的生存和发展提供越来越广阔的空间和越来越有效的保障,在强政府-弱社会模式下的山东地区,政府在这两个方面的改革和完善中都应该起到推动和保障的作用。最后,山东省所需要提高的不只是企业家人力资本存量,专业人力资本存量也需要不断加强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sources of all contradictions and problems arising sustainable development and solutions to them are more or less related to economic growth pattern. Capital is a very important concept in revealing the secrets of economic development or transformation of economic growth patterns, because different types of capital and their portfolio is the source of creation of goods, services and wealth. The foundation and driving force in the transformation of economic development pattern is human capital. The traditional reliance on a substantial increase in capital investment is one of the root causes to the natural ecological environment problem, The shift from relying on the capital investment to relying on science-based economic growth, or in other words, the shift from depending on the material capital to depending mainly on human capital investment to achieve economic growth, which is the common major issues facing contemporary China and the world.Human capital is not only an economic concept, but a sociological concept, Which should not only be characterized by its technical attributes, but also social and cultural attributes. the stock of entrepreneur human capital is the integration of regional culture human capital and the relation human capital. Regional human capital stock is the foundation and driving force for the transformation of regional economic growth pattern. From Zhang Yili (2005) model, regional human capital stock structure can be defined in two dimensions, that is professional human capital stock dimension and entrepreneurs human capital stock dimension, then the two dimensions structuring into four quadrants, so that different regions’human capital stock structure can be divided into four types, namely, double-high-type human capital structure model, high -low type (entrepreneurs human capital rich type) human capital structural model, low-high type (professional human capital rich type) human capital structure model and double-low model. from viewpoint of regional economic development, we compared the human capital stock structure in Shandong Province with that in Zhejiang Province, we conclude that human capital stock model in Shandong Province can be defined as low-high model, characterized by relatively affluent in professionals human capital, but poor in entrepreneurs human capital. Empirical analysis shows that the low stock of entrepreneurs human capital is not only leading to insufficient regional innovation, but also a prevention to the fulfillment of regional professional human capital in economic development in Shandong Province, the current human capital stock structural model of Shandong province has been a tremendous constraints on Shandong Province’transformation of economic growth pattern.Low entrepreneurs human capital stock reflects the low culture human capital stock and low relation human capital stock required by market economy, the reasons for that are mainly the region’s conservative culture in one respect and unreasonable institutional transformation under the strong Government-weak society model of Shandong Province in another.To increase the entrepreneurs human capital stock in Shandong province, on the one hand, a variety of cultural mechanisms should be introduced to foster a market economy and professionalism, on the other hand, on the other hand institutionally providing more room and more and more effective protection for the rapid increase of entrepreneurs human capital stock, Finally, we should improve not only the entrepreneurs human capital stock in Shandong province, but also professional human capital stock as well.更多还原