【作者】 赵慧；

【导师】 张绮曼；

【作者基本信息】 中央美术学院 ， 设计艺术学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 中国传统室内设计风格在宋代就已基本成型。宋代拥有丰富的室内空间布局手法、规范的室内界面装饰装修技术，和渐趋成熟与定型的高型家具以及品味隽永的室内陈设，为中国的室内设计奠定了坚实的基础。宋代高度发达的社会经济、文化艺术和科学技术，推动了室内设计的发展。《营造法式》所反应出的发达的小木作技术，使得丰富的木构手法逐步取代了帷幔幕帘，成为空间组织的主要手段。工商业的繁荣与近代城市的出现，带来了全新的商业建筑形式与空间格局。社会文化水平的普遍提高以及庞大的文人士大夫阶层广泛参与室内意匠，保证了宋代室内风格高雅的审美情趣。室内格局趋于灵活丰富。以拆装方便的格子门、落地明照和阑槛钩窗为标志的新的木构门窗样式的出现，大大改善了宋代建筑的采光和室内外景观的互融，并通过虚实对比的手法，丰富了建筑的立面和城市的景观，将功能与形式完美地结合在一起。格子门和用于组织室内空间的截间格子、截间板障、板壁、照壁屏风等结合在一起，构成了宋代灵活自由的室内格局，使得室内空间的功能划分更趋合理，室内空间形态向多样化发展。宋代以娴熟的界面处理技巧较好地解决了不同空间的功能诉求，完成了建筑内各部分之间功能迥异的组合方式。高型家具趋于完备。宋代完成了中国人由席地而坐向垂足而坐的过渡，这种起居方式的改变一方面意味着建筑的室内空间结构随之改变，另一方面标志着中国传统家具的形制至此己基本完善并定型。宋人以格物致用的创新精神，设计制作出了包括床榻、椅凳、桌案、柜架等在内的各式高型家具。同时，宋代趋于完备的家具形制和秀挺典雅的造型风格深刻影响了明式家具的形成，二者具有一脉相承的关系。中国传统室内风格基本形成。高雅的“不下堂筵，坐穷泉壑”文人山水画意境大大影响了宋代的室内意匠，宋代文人在投身书画艺术创作的同时，融园林意趣于室内，将书画、家具、文房器具、陶瓷、尊彝、赏石等组合陈设，在格子门窗的光影里，最终形成了中国人特有的传统室内风格，对后世产生了巨大影响。宋代朝廷对文化的倾斜政策在促进室内环境积极发展的同时，其崇尚俭朴、反对奢侈的政策导向也把宋代室内意匠控制在不铺张、重内涵的范畴内。因此，宋代室内环境整体呈现出清新雅致的艺术风格。更多还原

【Abstract】 With in-depth research and analysis of painting in the Song Dynasty,alongwith the archaeological results and literature,this article attempts to reveal thatthe traditional Chinese style of interior design identified by current people has beenbasically formed in the Song dynasty,such as a wealth of indoor spatial practices,indoor decoration interface,high-type furniture development and shape.Interiordesign style in the Song Dynasty has laid a very solid foundation for later years.Many factors such as highly developed socio-economic,cultural arts andscience and technology in song Dynasty promote the development of interiordesign.“Ying Zao Fa Shi”displays the advanced technology of small woodarchitecture,the wood approach gradually replaces the valance curtain andbecomes the main way of spatial organization.Industrial and commercial prosperityand the emergence of modern cities bring a new form of commercial buildings andspace pattern.The general improvement in social cultural levels as well as a largeclass of literati participates in artistic indoor design which ensures the aesthetic tasteand elegant style of indoor design in Song Dynasty.Interior pattern tends to flexible and rich.With characters of removable latticedoor,landing late-Ming Chiu and hook the window sills,the new-style woodwindows and doors appear which greatly improved the lighting of construction,indoor and outdoor landscape integration in Song Dynasty.By means of contrast inreal and imaginative scene,the architecture method enriches the building facadeand the city’s landscape,which integrates the features and form perfectly.Latticedoors and facilities used in organizing interior space such as inter-grid and cut-offbarrier between the Partition board,Partition,Wooden Partition,and Screen wallconstruct the free interior pattern in Song Dynasty.Hence,this method makes theindoor space division rich,makes the pattern of interior space abundant.The skillfultechnique of interface layout satisfies the functions of different spatial demands,which completes the integration of various parts of architecture.The high-type furniture tends to be perfect.Chinese people changed theirsitting position from sitting on the floor to sitting on bench in Song Dynasty.Thechange means that the construction of the indoor space structure changes,at thesame time the shape of traditional Chinese furniture has been basically formedChinese people in Song Dynasty manufactured high-type furniture including beds, Chairs,tables,Shelves,etc.Meanwhile,all kinds of high-type furniture in SongDynasty influence the furniture shapes in Ming Dynasty,which is elegant style.Furniture of Song style and furniture of Ming style are in the same chain.Chinese traditional interior style is basically formed.Elegant scene of huggingspring and mountain inside rooms enjoyed by literati greatly affected the interiordesigners in Song Dynasty.Literati in song Dynasty devoted themselves into drawings and calligraphy.Meanwhile,they add glamour of landscape garden into interior design.Theyintegrate drawings,calligraphy,furniture,china,ancient things,stones andlandscape garden together.Thus,the final formation of the unique traditionalChinese interior style is made,which has a tremendous impact on futuregenerations.The culture of the Song Dynasty imperial court of the preferential policies ofthe indoor environment in the promotion of positive development,its advocatesfrugal and oppose extravagance and also the policy-oriented indoor Song notextravagant artistic restraint,showing a fresh and elegant art style.The Song government emphasized culture,which made the interior designdevelop rapidly.Moreover,the policy advocated simplicity and opposedextravagance.Hence,the interior designers in Song Dynasty did their job withinterest in content not in extravagance.The style in Song Dynasty is fresh andelegant.更多还原