【作者】 李建桥；

【导师】 刘旭；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农业经济管理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 目前学术界对于新农村建设理论探索尚未形成一套完整的体系,具体表现为在实践上倾向于农村典型村庄的经验总结,形成学习的样板;在理论上则倾向于通过社会学、经济学等多学科多角度的理论探索,在逻辑和理论上找到新农村建设的理论模式框架。但农村实践与理论研究这二者还没有形成逻辑上一致性,在研究思路上缺乏对已有经验的梳理归纳和升华。本研究力图弥补长期以来我国农村实践调查无法与理论结合并指导新农村建设的缺陷,对我国几个历史时期的村庄典型进行系统的归纳分析,进而抽象出我国农村发展的本质规律。本文依据我国宏观体制转变把农村发展的历程从时间上划分为三个发展阶段:以粮为纲发展阶段、市场化发展阶段与新农村建设阶段。选取这三个不同阶段的农村典型包括改革开放前的13个村庄、改革开放后至新农村建设提出前的12个村庄以及新农村建设提出后100个村庄,并分别从生产要素的流动状况、农民福利水平两个部分进行考察,尤其是对新农村建设时期农村典型样本进行了统计分析。在第一阶段,我国处在工业化的初期,国家工业化依靠提取农业剩余来积累原始资本,劳动力与土地不能全国性自由流动,通过低成本的劳动增加土地产值以及整治山河等发展农业生产支持工业化进行。在公共福利上则通过推行义务教育、合作医疗等措施由政府提供低水平的农民生活保障。第二阶段,我国计划经济体制向市场经济体制转变,生产要素依然不断地从农村流向城市。在公共品供给方面实行了市场化改革,农民的收入以及负担都明显增加。第三阶段,新农村建设目标就是要打破城乡二元社会经济结构,建设以人为本的和谐社会。在生产要素流动上通过制度改革进行反哺农村和农业,增加农民的福利水平。政府将加大公共物品提供力度,根本上减轻农民负担,逐步推进全国农村居民保障体系改革。国外的农村建设经验能够给我国新农村建设提供有益的参考。韩国新村运动发扬农民自力更生的精神,做到项目实施的有计划性推进。日本农村发展主要得益于全国城乡统一的社会保障体以及建立综合农协,解决了农民的后顾之忧。英国和美国农村发展与城市发展是同步进行的,城乡差别不大,英国有比较完整的工人保障法律体系,而美国完备的农业法律体系是农村发展的重要保障条件。最后论文对对早期相关学者们对新农村建设模式的总结进行了分析比较,提出只有站在以人为本的立场上考察农村发展才能解决我国农村发展问题。细致划分了农村福利的构成以及分析了个体与集体间不同经济实力形成的不同公共品提供模式,结合公共品供给方式、持续发展潜力、发展资金来源、区域间发展差异、要素流动状况等因素提出我国新农村建设的三大模式,即政府扶持模式、村庄结构转变模式和村镇扩张模式。其中政府扶持模式包含集体搬迁和重建、政府直投和政府投入集体三种模式,村庄结构转变模式包含强集体、集体基金、村庄公司化、私人购买和村庄合并五种发展模式,村镇扩张模式包含集体福利扩张和集体资本扩张两种形式。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are two ways and no integrate system formed for studing rural development. One is to summarize the typical villages, and the other is to discuss by the angle of socilology and economics. But the two ways can not be uniform in logic. The study of rural development is lack of sublime and summarizaion based on typical samples exist. The paper combined the practice and theory, then some conclusions for rural developing rule were made.The development of rural areas can be mainly divided into three phases: the grain-making phase, marketing phase and the reconstruction phase. The paper analyzed the typical samples in different phases based on product flowing and farmers’welfare. In the first phase, country obtained the original capital accumulation by distilling the rural surplus. The product can not flow freely in China and the development of rural areas depanded on low price labors and soil fathering to increase agricultural production. As far as the public goods, the government offered low-level education, cooperative medical system. The second phase, centrally planned economy was coming to the market system and production factors were still flowing into city from rural areas. With the implementation of a market-oriented reforms in the supply of public goods, the income and burden of farmers evidently increased. The third phase, new rural reconstruction was to build a human-oriented harmonious society. The re-feeding rural areas and agriculture made the factors of porductions flow into rural areas and increase their level of welfare. Government gradually pushed forward the social security system reform by increasing the provision of public goods and fundamentally reducing the burden on farmers.The foreign experience of the construction of new countryside in China provided a useful reference. New Village Movement in Southern Korea carried forward the spirit of self-reliance of farmers to ensure that the implementation of the project were planned to be promoted. Japan’s rural development in urban and rural areas mainly benefit from a unified national social security bodies and the establishment of a unified social security system to remove the worries of farmers. England rural development and urban development was carried out simultaneously, with relatively complete legal system to protect workers and agricultural protection systems. Rural development in the United States was carried out with the industrialization, no difference between urban and rural areas in the United States and a complete legal system of agriculture ensured rural development.At last, the author summarized and analyzed the modes of the rural development. Only standing human-oriented position to study rural development, we can resolve the issue of rural development in China. The welfare structure and different public goods supply modes were partitioned. Based on human-oriented, balance of fairness and efficiency, sustainable development and the provision of public goods as the criterias for the development of China’s rural areas, three new rural development modes were proposed including the mode of government support, the village pattern of structural change and the mode of expansion of villages and towns. The mode of government support included the relocation and reconstruction of the collective, the direct investment of the government and the government’s investment in collective three modes, the mode of village-structure changes included strong collective, the collective fund, the village company-running, private purchase and merger of the five development modes, the mode of village expansion contains the collective welfare expansion and the expansion of collective capital.更多还原