中国社会主义生态文明建设研究

【作者】 张剑；

【导师】 李崇富；

【作者基本信息】 中国社会科学院研究生院 ， 科学社会主义与国际共运， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本论文首先论证了社会主义生态文明的理论基础是马克思恩格斯的自然观及其生态思想,以及他们对资本主义生产方式反生态性的分析,接着以此为指导论述了中国社会主义生态文明理论及其实践。在理论基础部分,论文以马克思恩格斯的经典文献为根据展开论述,提出了要将马克思恩格斯的自然观置于辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的原则高度进行认识,换言之,马克思恩格斯的自然观是与社会相关的自然观,不是抽象的人与自然、社会与自然之间关系的简单描述,而是对具体的、历史的、阶级的人与自然、社会与自然关系的整体分析。在马克思恩格斯的自然观看来,资本主义制度在本质上是反生态的,在资本主义制度下是无法实现全球范围内、具有实质意义的生态文明建设的,社会主义(共产主义)为实现人与人、人与自然的双重和解奠定了基础。论文对生态马克思主义也作了介绍和分析,在承认其具有一定的进步性的同时,也指出了它的局限性。生态马克思主义对我们研究社会主义生态文明也有一定的借鉴意义。在这个基本理论基础上,并以此为指导,论文强调中国的生态文明建设必须坚持社会主义性质,这也是贯穿全文的中心思想。论文对中国社会主义生态文明理论的建构进行了尝试,提出中国社会主义生态文明建设的基本内容、原则与特点。论文认为,中国社会主义生态文明建设的基本内容至少包含以下几个方面,第一是是加强教育、宣传与立法,提高全民的生态意识;第二是防治环境污染,促进生态优化;第三是狠抓食品安全与饮用水,切实改善民生;第四是使人口、资源、环境与经济社会协调发展,第五是加强生态文明建设的规划、管理与实施。关于中国社会主义生态文明建设的原则,论文认为在以人为本的总原则下,还包括法治原则、民主原则、平等原则、可持续发展原则与节约原则。关于中国社会主义生态文明建设的特点,论文认为,中国社会主义生态文明建设是中央政府主导与市场机制相结合的,是现代化、工业化与生态化相结合的,必须将借鉴别国经验与立足本国国情相结合。在此基础上,论文还详细论证了中国社会主义生态文明与物质文明、政治文明、精神文明的关系,指出三方面的关系在本质一致的前提下,中国社会主义生态文明建设与物质文明建设、政治文明建设、精神文明建设在实践上存在的矛盾以及解决的方法。本论文运用理论与实际相结合、历史与逻辑相统一的方法对中国社会主义生态文明的理论与实践问题进行分析与论述。在经济全球化的过程中,面临着不断加剧的生态环境压力,如何实现经济社会发展与人口、资源、环境相协调,在科学发展观的指导下建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会,实现可持续发展,是我们必须解决的问题。党的十七大正式提出了生态文明的概念,说明我们在如何实现经济社会的整体良性运行方面的认识更加科学、深化了。建构中国社会主义生态文明理论,以更好的阐释科学发展观,就成为科研工作者的重要任务。本论文可以作为这方面的一个尝试。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation is composed of two major parts, with the first part demonstrating that the theoretical basis of socialist ecological civilization is the Marxist view on nature and its ecological implications, and the second part elucidating, directed by the theoretical basis of the first part, the theory as well as the practice of China’s socialist ecological civilization.In the part discussing the theoretical basis, the dissertation, taking the classical literature of Marx and Engels as the research object, advances the belief that Marx’s and Engels’view on nature should be understood on the historical materialism level, in other words, Marx’s and Engels’view on nature is a social view on nature, and it is not a simple description of the relationship between abstract man and nature, between abstract society and nature, but a holistic analysis of the relationship between specific, historic, class man and nature, between specific, historic, class society and nature. In the Marx’s and Engels’view on nature, the system of capitalism is in essence anti-ecological, and it is impossible to realize the construction of ecological civilization in a global sense and with substantial meaning, while socialism (communism) has laid a foundation for both the reconciliation between man and man and that between man and nature.On the basis of and directed by this fundamental theory, the dissertation makes an attempt to construct the theory of China’s socialist ecological civilization, and puts forward the basic contents, principles and characteristics of China’s socialist ecological civilization construction. It is held that the basic contents of China’s socialist ecological civilization construction should at least include the following aspects: first, controlling the environmental pollution, and promoting ecological optimization; second, strengthening the food safety and drinking water safety, and taking tangible measures to improve people’s livelihood; third, reinforcing education and propaganda, and making the concept of ecological environment deep into people’s mind; fourth, maintaining the harmonious development of population, resources and environment, fifth, carrying out the legislature on ecological civilization; sixth, establishing national agencies in charge of administering ecological civilization, and implementing the administrative functions of such agencies. Regarding the principle of China’s socialist ecological civilization construction, this dissertation considers that under the general principle of―putting people the fundamental‖, the principle of China’s socialist ecological civilization construction should also includes principle of rule of law, democratic principle, principle of equity, principle of sustainable development and economizing principle. In reference to the characteristics of China’s socialist ecological civilization construction, the dissertation considers that it is a combination of the orientation by the central government and the market mechanism, as well as a combination of modernization, industrialization and ecologization, for which reference to the experiences of other countries and consideration of the situations of China must be combined. On this basis, the dissertation also elaborates the relationship between China’s socialist ecological civilization and material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization respectively, and points out that under the precondition that the three relationships are basically in conformity with each other, in practice there exist contradictions between China’s ecological civilization construction, material civilization construction, political civilization construction and spiritual civilization construction, as well as solutions to such contradictions.Employing the method of combining theory and practice, and unifying history and logic, this dissertation conducts an analysis and demonstration of the theoretical and practical problems on China’s socialist ecological civilization. In the process of economic globalization, in face of continually exacerbating pressure on the ecological environment, how to attain the harmony between economic & social development and population, resources, environment, and realize sustainable development guided by the Scientific Outlook on Development, is a problem we must solve. The fact that the 17th National Congress of the CPC has officially brought forward the concept of ecological civilization demonstrates that now we have a more scientific and deeper understanding of how to realize the healthy operation of economy and society as a whole. Constructing China’s socialist ecological civilization theory in order to better expound Scientific Outlook on Development has become an important task for those engaged in scientific research. This dissertation is an attempt in this aspect.更多还原