【作者】 谢红胜；

【导师】 吴相林；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 系统工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 随着电力市场化改革的发展,主要考虑负荷及资源优化分配的传统梯级电站群短期优化调度方式,已经不能满足发电企业的需求。因此,发电商需要根据市场规则,重新制订市场环境下梯级电站群短期优化调度方案,并在此基础上,从短期优化调度角度讨论梯级电站群定价方案选择中的“一站一价”还是“统一电价”问题。这些不仅能为国家节约大量资源,还能为发电企业带来巨大经济效益,具有广阔的应用前景。以前的研究关注更多的是传统短期优化调度问题的建模以及对模型的求解,而对市场机制下梯级电站群短期优化调度模型讨论较少,还未见从短期优化调度角度讨论梯级电站群定价选择问题。因此,本文将针对这两个问题进行分析讨论。内容包括:首先,本文建立了市场环境下梯级电站群短期优化调度模型。系统地给出了梯级电站群的特点、分类、衔接关系以及基本参数。评述了几种常见优化准则,提出了梯级电站群在某个时段集合内利益最大化为目标的优化准则,该准则综合考虑了系统发电收益和存水收益,本文也给出了相应的约束条件,并讨论了调度模型中水流时滞、发电量与发电引用流量关系和梯级电站群存水价值系数三个特征参数。其次,为了求解上述模型,本文设计了一种动态自适应蚁群算法。针对传统蚁群算法求解梯级电站群短期优化调度模型存在的问题以及算法自身的缺陷,本文提出了一种改进的动态自适应蚁群算法(DAACO),从动态调整信息素挥发系数、自适应地更新全局信息素、全局信息素更新方式、状态转移参数设置四个方面对算法进行了改进;并针对调度模型特点,本文构建了便于求解调度模型的动态自适应蚁群算法求解框架,讨论了求解过程中约束条件的处理、启发机制以及精英区的产生和更新等三个关键问题。然后,本文对不同电价形式下梯级电站群短期优化调度进行了讨论。本文针对电力市场发展的不同阶段,存在不同电价机制的特点,分别对单一电价机制、两部制电价机制以及竞争电价机制的产生,组成结构以及优缺点进行了详细阐述,并构建了不同电价机制的统一模式;在此基础上,本文构建了统一上网电价模式下基于效益最大化的梯级电站群短期优化调度模型,并从理论上分别分析了不同电价机制梯级电站群短期优化调度的优化准则。最后,本文运用澜沧江梯级电站群中三个连续电站的相关数据,验证了所建立的梯级电站群短期优化调度模型及求解算法的合理性,并从梯级电站群短期优化调度角度讨论了梯级电站群定价方案选择中的“一站一价”还是“统一电价”问题。本文首先选取分时电价下梯级电站群内采取“统一电价”形式的短期优化调度模型作为验证对象,验证所建立模型是合理性;其次分别运用ACS和DAACO算法对模型进行求解,并通过对比分析,验证所构建的算法对求解该问题是有效的;最后分别就单一电价机制和分时电价机制下梯级电站群内采取“统一电价”形式还是“一站一价”形式进行对比分析,得出梯级电站群内采取“统一电价”形式比“一站一价”形式更具优越性,更有利于资源的合理分配与利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of innovation on electricity market, the traditional short-term optimization scheduling modes about loading and resource among cascaded hydroelectricity plants have not satisfied the demand of the generation enterprises. Thus, it is necessary for the generation enterprises to redesign the short-term optimization scheduling system according to the market rules and to discuss the problem of the choice of making-pricing schemes on“one price of one plant”and“one price of all plants”among the cascaded hydroelectricity plants from the short-term optimization scheduling degree.And all of these are both able to save a great deal resource for the country and bring enormous economic benefit for generation enterprises, and have the very widest application future. Some researchers have done more work in modeling and solving on the traditional short-term optimization scheduling, more considering in assigning the resources optimally. However it is less discussed to the model on the short-term optimization scheduling among cascaded hydroelectricity plants under market environment, much less to the choice of making pricing schemes on“one price of one plant”and“one price of all plants”. Thus, this paper analyzes and discusses on the two problems. The content includes:Firstly, this paper builds the short-term optimization scheduling model among cascaded hydroelectricity plants under market environment.The characteristics, classify, joint relations and other basic parameters about cascaded hydroelectricity plants are firstly given in this paper.And secondly many traditional optimal rules are also commented.And then this paper brings forward a new optimal rule about maximizing the benefits of the generation enterprises in the considered aggregate among cascaded hydroelectricity plants,this rule includes the benefit of generating electricity and sluice.In the end, the corresponding limit conditions are given,and three characteristic parameters are discussed such as the time lag of the current, the relation of generating electricity quantity and generating electricity citation flux, the benefit coefficient of sluice.Secondly, this paper designs a new Dynamic and Adaptive Ant Colony Optimization (DAACO) to solve the above model. Basing on the self-defective of the traditional ant colony algorithm and the existing problems of this algorithm to solve the above model,this paper designs a new Dynamic and Adaptive Ant Colony Optimization (DAACO), this algorithm is improved from four aspects such as dynamically adjusting the volatilization coefficient of information element, self–adaptively updating the whole information element, the updating manner of the whole information element and the state transfer parameter.In the end, this paper builds the frame to solve the above model by DAACO basing on the characteristic of the model,and discusses the three key problems such as the disposal of the limit conditions, the illumination mechanism and the generating and updating of the eliting area.Then, this paper discusses the short-term optimization scheduling model among cascaded hydroelectricity plants based on different price models.At the different development phase of power market, there are the different price patterns, this paper firstly illustrates the structure and shortcoming of different price patterns detailedly, such as one-part price, two-part price and competition price.And then this paper also builds the unite pattern of the different price patterns.In the end, this paper builds the short-term optimization scheduling model among cascaded hydroelectricity plants under the unite price pattern basing on maximizing the benefits of the generation enterprises,and theoretically analyzes the optimal rules of different price patterns on the unite model.In the end,this paper validates the model and algorithm by the correlative data of the cascaded hydroelectricity plants of LanCangJiang,and discusses the problem of the choice of making-pricing schemes on“one price of one plant”and“one price of all plants”among the cascaded hydroelectricity plants from the short-term optimization scheduling degree.Thus, this paper firstly chooses the short-term optimization scheduling model of zonal time price and“one price of all plants”as the validated objects, and validates that the model built is reasonable;This paper secondly solves the above model by ACS and DAACO algorithms partly, and it is gained that the algorithms designed in this paper is effective; In the end,this paper contrasts and analyzes the“one plant of one plant”and“one price of all plants”among cascaded hydroelectricity plants on one-part price and zonal time price partly, it is educed that the price mechanism of“one price of all plants”among cascaded hydroelectricity plants is much better than“one plant of one plant”, and it has more advantages on the distribution and using of resource in reason.更多还原