【作者】 吴麟；

【导师】 孙旭培；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 新闻学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 胡适的言论自由思想自成体系,对学术与实践都富有启示意义。由于意识形态的遮蔽以及系统研究的缺失,这一值得关注的历史资源至今仍被误读乃至忽视。因此,本文围绕该论题,在海量阅读的基础上,钩沉细节、梳理脉络、提炼要点,力求客观、整体、透彻地分析和呈现胡适的言论自由思想,以期构建趋向完整的历史记忆、填补国内相关研究空白。本文由绪论和正文组成。绪论主要阐述研究动机、回顾相关研究、介绍研究方法。正文共有五章,分为四个部分。第一章逐一回顾胡适主持或参与的重要报刊——《竞业旬报》、《新青年》、《努力周报》、《新月》、《独立评论》、《自由中国》。在其言论实践之中,总体而言,胡适是一位追求“监督政党”的议政书生。第二章和第三章是本文的重心,回答胡适言论自由思想“是什么样”的问题。两章分别以“为什么要言论自由”和“怎样才能言论自由”为主题,剖析胡适在言论自由方面的基本理念。前者关注言论自由的具体价值,主要从个性发展、人权保障、民主宪政三个层面进行分析。后者聚焦言论自由的实现途径,则提炼出要“自己争取”、必须“负责任”、应“相互容忍”三个重要观点。由此两章可知:胡适对言论自由的论述全面到位、富有卓见;此外,他还在其言论历程中一以贯之地践行所信仰的理念。这种力求“知行合一”的形象,亦已成为可贵的思想资源。第四章回答胡适言论自由思想“何以如此”的问题,即探究其形成理路。本章主要从家庭因素、教育功效、友朋影响三个方面条分缕析,同时亦论及地域文化的潜移默化功能。解读胡适的言论实践及基本理念,不应只关注上述某单一要素,而应予以综合考虑。第五章采取政治文化的分析视角,运用比较方法,以确定胡适言论自由思想的历史坐标。横向而言,他是同时代人中的枢纽人物。纵向而言,虽然其首倡之功不及梁启超,在个别问题上亦无储安平、殷海光的洞见;但就思想的系统、理性而言,他则高出不止一筹。因此,胡适是中国言论自由史上的一座高峰。本文大量征引“第一手史料”,同时广泛参考“第二手文献”;强调“论从史出”,即:每叙述一事、每提一观点,都必须于史有据、信而有征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hu Shih’s thoughts on the liberty of speech are constituted systematically and provide enlightenments to both academic researches and practice. However, due to the veil of political ideology and the lack of comprehensive research, the precious historic treasures of his thoughts are being misunderstood or even neglected today. Therefore, revolving around the topic and based on reading the immense materials, this dissertation reaches out to detailed historical records, combs across the information to build the thinking skeleton and abstracts key points of ideas in order to analyze and demonstrate Hu Shih’s thoughts on the liberty of speech in a manner that features objectiveness, comprehensiveness and profoundness. The dissertation aims to complete the historical memories, construct blank-filling researches on the virgin land of the topic, and as a reference of ideas, promote China’s contemporary political civilization.This dissertation consists of the prolegomenon and the main paper. The prolegomenon explains the research motives, reviews the related researches and introduces the methodology of this paper. The main paper consists of five chapters which are further categorized as four parts.The first chapter reviews one by one the important newspapers and periodicals that Hu Shih compiled or participated—Jingye Xunbao, New Youth, The Endeavor, The Crescent, Independent Review and Free China. Judged generally by his practice of free press, Hu Shih was basically a political-engaged intellectual who pursued“supervision over political parties”.The second and third chapters are the pillar stones of the research, providing a panorama of Hu Shih’s thoughts on liberty of speech. The two chapters analyze Hu Shih’s basic ideas respectively on the two subjects: why speech should be free and how speech can be free. The first subject refers to the values of free speech, and is completed in three levels, namely, personal character development, human rights protection and constitutional democracy. The second subject focuses on the practical approaches of free speech and is further supported by three ideas:“earning”the freedom,“responsible”freedom and“tolerant”freedom. The two chapters demonstrate that Hu Shih’s thoughts are both comprehensive and insightful; further, he praticed what he believed, which built a reputation of“unity of practice and thoughts”which itself has become part of the spiritual resource.The fourth chapter probes into the formation of Hu Shih’s thoughts of free speech and explains how Hu Shih generated and developed his thoughts. The chapter analyzes the reasons in three aspects: family factor, education effects and the influence of friends. The chapter also refers to the gradual and subtle influence of the regional culture. If we are to analyze and understand his practice and basic theories, we should consider fully the above mentioned factors rather than focusing on only one.The fifth chapter starts from the perspective of political culture and based on comparative analysis to position Hu Shih’s free speech thoughts in the historical coordinate. Horizontally speaking, Hu Shih is at the hinge among his contemporaries; historically speaking, Hu Shih was not the first advocator as Liang Ch’i-ch’ao, nor demonstrated keen insights on some individual questions as Chu Anping and Yin Haiguang. However, as for the systematic organizing and the rationality of the thinking, Hu Shih obviously towers above them. Therefore, Hu Shih has been a peak in Chinese history of free speech.The dissertation quotes immensely the first-hand information and consulted a wide range of second-hand materials; it emphasizes“seeking points from historical facts”, namely, the narration of every event and the reference to every idea are based on the solid evidence in the history.更多还原