【作者】 王进；

【导师】 李崇兴；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 本文以“三个平面”理论为指导,对《元曲选》宾白中的祈使句进行穷尽式的考察,揭示了《元曲选》宾白祈使句在句法、语义和语用上的表现。全文共分七章。第一章为绪论部分。阐述《元曲选》祈使句研究的意义、研究方法,介绍了汉语祈使句的研究成果和研究现状,确立本文的研究方向。第二章重点讨论《元曲选》宾白祈使句的特征词。将宾白祈使句分为含特征词祈使句和不含特征词祈使句。祈使句的特征词可以是动词、助动词、副词、语气助词。祈使句特征词有单现、共现种种情况。第三章讨论《元曲选》宾白祈使句的句法。主语以第二人称代词为主,也可以是第一人称代词或是其他名词性成分。谓语有动词性谓语、形容词性谓语、名词性谓语;动词性谓语占据绝对优势,形容词性谓语少量,名词性谓语极其个别。第四章讨论《元曲选》宾白祈使句的语义。探讨了肯定祈使句和否定祈使句对谓语动词语义特征的选择情况。单个动词构成的祈使句可以表示客套义、提示义、催促义、喝令义、制止义。祈使句对形容词的情感义的选择与对动词情感义的选择一致,形容词充当祈使句的谓语中心是转喻的结果。第五章讨论《元曲选》宾白祈使句的语用。对祈使句的语境特征进行了研究,分析了祈使句中说话人、听话人和时间等因素的语境特征。讨论了祈使句的语用功能。不同功能的祈使句、有无特征词语的祈使句、不同特征词语的祈使句语力强度差异明显;主语的隐现以及反复方式的运用对祈使句语力强度的强弱也有影响。第六章是《元曲选》与元代其他文献中祈使句的比较考察。考察了禁止副词“勿”、“莫”、“休”、“别”在元代有关文献中的表现,对含语气词“休”、“罢”、“波”的祈使句进行了比较。第七章为结束语。总结全文,对研究内容作出结论,指出本研究的不足。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the“Three-Plane”Grammatical Theory, the exhaustible discussion is made on the imperative sentences used in the spoken parts of the traditional opera, Yuanquxuan, to reveal the syntactical, semantic and pragmatic features and rules of the imperative sentences in this work. This paper is divided into the following seven parts:The first part is about the introduction of the significance, methods and concerned corpus of this study and of the achievements and current situation of the study on the imperative sentences in Chinese language to disclose the orientation of the study in this article.Part two discusses the characteristic-carried words for the imperative sentences used in the spoken parts of Yuanquxuan. The imperative sentence is classified into such two kinds as the imperative sentence with the characteristics-carried words and the one with non-characteristic- carried words. The characteristic-carried words for the imperative sentences are verb, auxiliary verb, adverb, and mood auxiliary. The imperative sentence with the characteristics-carried words can be divided into two types such as the single-existence of the characteristics-carried words and the co-existence of different characteristics-carried words.Part three is concerned with the syntactic study of the imperative sentence mentioned above. Its subject is dominated by the second-person pronoun. The first-person pronoun and other substantive elements can also play a role of subject in the imperative sentence. The predicate can be verbal, adjective and substantive, with the verbs as the superior dominance.Part four focuses on its semantic study. The discussion is made on the semantic attributes and requirements of the verbs in the affirmative and negative imperative sentences. The imperative sentence formed by a single verb can be used to express politeness, cuing, urging, command, and forbidding. The imperative sentence formed by adjective has the same choice of the affective meaning as that formed by verb. The adjective used as predicate is the result of metonymy. Part five is centered on its pragmatic study. The study is made of the contextual features of the imperative sentence and the discussion is also made on its pragmatic functions. There are obvious differences between the imperative sentences with different functions, those with the characteristics-carried words and the one with non-characteristic- carried words, and those with different characteristics-carried words. The appearance or omission of the subject as well as the repetition of the subject has some influence on the locutionary force.In part six, the contrastive study is made between the imperative sentences in Yuanquxuan and those in the literary documents of Yuan Dynasty. The exploration is made of the rise and fall of such negative adverbs as“wu(勿)”、“mo(莫)”、“xiu(休)”、“bie(别)”and the expressions in the concerned literary documents in Yuan Dynasty. The comparison is also made of the imperative sentence pattern introduced by“xiu(休)”“ba(罢)”and“bo(波)”in different documents.The last part concerns about the conclusion. It is the generalization of the whole article and the prospect of the further study.更多还原