【作者】 王刚；

【导师】 龙元；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 由于受到学科藩篱的制约,20世纪60年代以来西方世界丰硕的空间研究成果并没有内化到城市规划、建筑学等空间科学中,很长一段时间对于空间的认识要么将其作为其他事物的属物,要么仅将其视为一个背景而已。法国哲学家列斐伏尔认为空间不是单纯的物理空间,也不是观念的产物,它主要是社会(及其生产模式)的产物,是社会变化、社会转型和社会经验的产物。同时空间本身影响了社会关系从而参与到历史进程之中。在空间-社会的复杂过程中,空间不仅仅是社会发展的背景和“容器”,空间也被目的性生产出来进而影响了复杂的社会关系。无独有偶,法国哲学家米歇尔·福柯认为以往的历史研究通常是时间的历史,历史是基于时间架构的,而空间一直是隐然于背后,在福柯看来,我们所经历的和感觉的世界很少是一个传统意义上经由时间长期演化而形成的物质存在,人类历史更像是一部空间的历史,空间不可避免地与知识和权力具有紧密联系,空间在权力程序与知识扩张的过程中被建构和组织起来的,嵌入社会关系,确保权力机制畅通无阻,从整个社会机体直到社会最小的组织部分,这和列斐伏尔的观点有异曲同工之处。街道作为空间的一种类型其形态变化从来不能脱离社会生产和社会实践过程而保有一个自主的地位。街道形态历史演变研究唯有纳入到社会史的框架中,并将其视为社会史的同一过程,才能把握其真正的变化实质。通过把汉正街街道演变史纳入社会史的框架中,在社会史的演进过程中揭示其不同历史时期街道形态如何历史的生产出来,又如何嵌入社会关系并能动地影响社会历史,体现了列斐伏尔的“历史-空间-社会”三位一体研究方法。本文引介源自福柯的权力网络的概念,通过权力网络的分析,社会史和街道的空间演变找到了结合之处,将空间演变纳入到了社会史的进程之中成为相互影响的同一过程,并凸出了空间维度。同时也借助列斐伏尔的观点,每个社会都有与其生产方式相适应的空间生产,或者说,每个社会为了能够顺利运作其逻辑,必定要生产(制造、建构、创造)出与之相适应的空间。所以本文对于街道演变史按照不同社会时期,分成传统商业、现代性开启、民国时期、计划经济、市场经济开启五个阶段。论文首先探讨1889年以前传统商业阶段汉正街的权力网络结构,认为此一阶段汉正街达成地方自治,形成民间、官方力量彼此动态制衡的晶体状权力网络结构,官方在街道形态影响方面作用甚微,因而街道和生产方式、自然环境、市场机制关系最为密切,文中结合对当时的街道社会景观的考察,阐释街道句法和街道空间的意义。1889-1911年张之洞督鄂,此期间汉正街权力网络骤然生变,在西方文明以及内部新生机制的作用下,现代性轰然开启,权力网络处于过渡形态而形成弥散型结构,文中重点考察自治逐渐瓦解后,官方力量如何逐渐渗透到民间方方面面,受此影响街道的形态、句法、意义也发生嬗变,并结合对街道社会景观的观察,质疑现代性开启后一些全新价值取向。1911-1949年的民国时期战争频仍,政权更迭,政治是影响权力网络的最重要维度,权力网络由政治影响建构形成类似沙漏型的结构类型,因而街道句法和空间意义和政治也千丝万缕,此一时期城市规划制度由西方引介而来成为调控城市的一种重要技术手段,在与政治的交相作用下街道形态发生较大的变化。1949-1988年计划经济时期,官方面面俱到监控整个社会,政治组织、经济结构、文化导向等异质同构,形成纵向的金字塔式和横向的蜂巢式的权力网络结构,此一结构兼之与之呼应的城市规划制度的建立极大影响了街道句法和街道空间的意义。1988年以后,市场经济开启,资源配置方式让渡于市场机制,受此影响,官方控制触手适当收回,民间处于柔性控制之中,市场、社会、政府形成一定的博弈机制,汉正街权力网络类似橡皮泥在博弈中变化无端,导致汉正街街道句法与意义变化无方和充满不确定性,不过政治与资本经常合谋,成为形塑街道空间的主要力量。通过对汉正街街道演变的历时态梳理,最后得出历史性的结论,文中对空间生产、文脉保护、非正规性、公众参与进行详细的阐述,并且对于汉正街旧城更新提出一些建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 60’s of the 20 century, the plentiful and substantial space fruits have come forth in western world. But they have no been absorbed inside the urban planning and architecture because of subject barrier. The space has only been regarded as the appendant of the other thing and the background only.Philosopher Henri Lefebvre thinks that space is not a pure physical space, but a outcome of society variety, social transformation and social experience. At the same time, the space produces complicated social relations, itself also participates in the history progress.In the complicated process, the space not only is background of society development or“container”, but also is produced by the purpose to affect the complicated social relations.Meanwhile, philosopher Michel Foucault thinks that the former history researches are usually about time history, the history is a structure based on time, but the space has been behind it ,as the point of the Foucault , the world our experiencing and feeling is seldom a material exsit that evolves over a long period of time in traditional viewpoint, but the human history even more seems a spatial history. The space has a close contact with knowledge and the power inevitably, the space is constructed and organized in process of power procedure and knowledge expansion, and is embed into the social relations, insuring the power mechanism run without obstruction from the whole social machine until the minimum society part, which resembles Henri Lefebvre very much.The street, as a kind of spatial type, whose variety can’t escape from the process of the society production and society practice,keeping an independent position. So only taking the street into the frame of social history and regarding it as the same process of the social history, can we hold its real substance. By taking the evolution history of Hanzheng Street into the frame of the social history, it can been revealed that Hanzheng Street how to be producted historically in the different evolution process of the social history, and how it embeds into the society relations and influences the social history actively, which is the so-called street syntax in this paper and follows the research approach of Lefebvre’s“tripledialectic”.This paper introduces a concept of power network from Focult, by the analysis of the power network, the conjunct between the different social history and the street evolution can been found. The space evolution is brought into social history and affected mutually, which combines into the same historical process and emphasizes the space’s perspective.At the same time, the paper also seeks help of the standpoint from Lefebvre’s, each society has a space production adapting to its production mode accordingly. In other words, in order to operate its system smoothly, each society must producte(manufacture, construct or create)the space properly. So this paper divides the history of street evolution into the traditional business, modernity open, MinGuo age, planned economy, market economy five stages according to the different society.Firstly inquiring into the power network structure of Hanzheng Street at the stage of the traditional business before 1889, the author thinks that in this a stage Hanzheng Street reaches the local self-government, forming a crystal power network structure of balancing the communities themselves and even between the communities and authorities. Authorities influence street shape very lightly, as a result street shape have close relations with the mode of production, natural environment, market mechanism. In the text the author also investigates the social landscape of the street at that time to release the street syntax and the street spatial meanings .From 1889 to 1911, Zhidong Chang is in charge of Hubei. In this period power network changes suddenly and the modernity opens acutely under the influence of western civilization and internal new-born mechanism. The power network is in transitional stage and forms dispersion structure. In the text, the focus is placed on how the authorities power seeps through the every aspects in folks gradually after the autonomy gradually breaking up. Suffering from this, the street shape, syntax, meanings also changes accordingly, and combining an observation for social landscape in streets, querying some new value judgments after modernity opening.From 1911 to 1949, the war being continuous, the political power changing frequently, the politics is the most important aspect that affects the power network, power network from political influence forms a similar sand filter structure, as a result street syntax and space meanings have a close relation with politics. In the period, urban planning introduced from West become a kind of important technique means that adjusts and controls the city, together with politics, making a bigger variety in street shape.In the planned economy period of 1949-1988, every part of the whole society is involved to be supervised and controlled by the official, politics system, economic structure, cultural oriented are the different appearance but same structure, and therefore power network structure forms pyramid hierarchy type lognitudinally and beehive type horizontally. This structure in the help of urban planning established for it affects the street syntax and spatial meanings greatly.After 1988, the market economy openning, the resources operation way is translated to market mechanism. Sufferring of it, the official control removes moderately, and the folks is placed in the gentle control. Market, society, and government becomes a tri-aspect struggle mechanism .In the process, the power network of Hanzheng Street resembles the plasticene, unsteady and fluky, causing the street syntax and meanings of Hanzheng Street ceaseless change and full of uncertainty. however, politics usually cooperates with capital and becomes the main factor of spatial change.By combing the evolvement of Hanzheng Street historically, some conclusions can be drew. In the text ,the author pays attention to space production, context protection, the urban informality, public participation and expatiates them detailedly. Finally the author also puts forward some suggestions on renewing of Hanzheng Street.更多还原