【作者】 李尚群；

【导师】 刘献君；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 随着当代科研图景的巨变和创新成为时代的主流精神,创新团队开始成为科技发达时代的一种科研主体,也是一种有效的科技人力资源的组织模式。创新团队本质上是一个为了完成共同的研究任务而相互合作的科学家群体,它有着较为明确的组织边界和内部治理结构。在科学的不同发展阶段,总是存在着一种群体性特征,并有着不同的表现形式。从科学混沌时期的学术流派到科学初创时期的科学社团,再到科学发展时期的合作群体和科技发达时代的创新团队,可以看到这种群体性特征的演变。同时这也表明创新团队在当代的萌发是一个合乎逻辑的历史传承过程。当创新团队从历史的地平线上浮现出来,并进入当代现实的社会场域时,许多社会因素直接参与了它的建构。如后学院科学时代的到来,加上科技工商主义的兴起,导致知识生产方式、科学资源的配置方式和科学活动的运转机制发生了新的变化;研究型大学崛起后在科学研究、人才培养和学科建设等方面表现出来的新动向;国家在科技发展战略上所表现出来的利益诉求和理性精神等都在推动创新团队的生成与发展。当创新团队被成功建构之后,它就成了一个具有一定的内部治理结构的构造体。大学创新团队是需要治理的,而这种内部治理的实质就是要理顺、协调、建构创新团队内部的各种关系,如权力关系、角色关系、利益关系等,并以此来改善结构、规避风险、提高功效。另外创新团队内部治理还应包括团队精神的培育,精神领袖、对话的氛围及研究热情等都是与此相关的重要内容。中国大学的创新团队是在一种特定的语境下生成的,也正因为如此,创新团队在运作与管理的过程中遭遇到了许多现实的困难。这些困难主要体现在学科界线的阻隔以及与此相关的组织壁垒;研究资源的匮乏,包括科研项目的稀缺性和高水平科学家的稀缺性等;各种“超科学”因素的干扰,如教学与科研的冲突、功利的心态等;另外,创新团队本身也存在结构上和运行上的风险等。为了促进创新团队建设,需要结合创新团队的现实处境和发展要求建构一个有效的建设策略体系。在建构这一策略体系时,有很多方面的问题都是应当重点考虑并予以解决的,如团队的价值追求的确立、团队与项目的匹配性的实现、团队生命周期的延长、科技人力资源的扩充、运行风险的规避、制度框架的创新、团队边界的开放与拓展、知识生产规律的探索与遵循、团队与创新平台及学科建设的互动与共建等。这些策略有些是建构性的,有些是治理性的,这两者共同组成了一个较为完整的创新团队的建设策略体系。创新团队的问题还可以回到典型案例与真实场境中来得到确证和补充。创新团队问题,以及与此相关的大学科研的组织与管理问题为高等教育管理学提供了一个广阔的学术空间,同时,这些问题的有效解决也需要高等教育管理学建构具有一定解释力和规范性的理论来予以指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 With great changes taking place in the contemporary prospect of scientific research and innovation becoming the mainstream spirit of this era, innovation team, an effective pattern of human resource organization in university, starts to become subject of scientific research. The innovative team in essence is a group of scientists who are mutually cooperative in order to fulfill common research task, and it has a certain structure of governance.In different stages of development in science, scientist can always form community with different manifestations. Innovative team in this era of flourishing science and technology has undergone a long evolving process from academic school in the chaotic phase of science to scientific league in the period of establishment of science and then cooperative group in the period of development of science, which reflects the evolution of its intrinsic characteristic as a community and also shows us that the emergence of innovative team is a historic inheriting. When the innovative team appeared from the historical horizon and stepped into the contemporary society, many social factors have made a direct contribution to its construction. The rising of the post-academic science along with its new characteristics and the allocation method of scientific resources and mechanism of scientific activities in the Business Times accelerate innovative team. New trends in scientific research, talent cultivation and subject development in university, together with benefit appeal and rational spirits government shows while carrying out strategies on the development of science and technology, added incentive to both the formation and development of innovative team.After being constructed, innovative team becomes an object with a certain internal structure of governance which need to be further managed in order to improve its internal structure, avoid the risk and enhance its efficiency. Contents of this management are to settle, coordinate and build up internal relations such as, authority relations, role relations, benefit relations and so on. In addition, cultivation of team spirits is important content of governance too, and this topics involved spiritual leader, atmosphere of dialogue and enthusiasm of research. Innovative team in universities in china generates under certain circumstances, thereby, it is likely to encounter many realistic difficulties during the course of operation and management. These difficulties mainly include obstacles from borderlines among different disciplines and related organizations, scarcity in research resources as scientific research items and outstanding scientists and the disturbance from factors that are“Super-Science”,such as, conflicts between teaching and scientific research, utilitarian attitude, threat from operative risks and so on.An effective system of constructive strategies should be established based on a comprehensive consideration on how to combine realistic situations and the request of development in order to promote the construction of innovative team. All the following questions should be considered and revolved during the proceedings of construction: establishing of the team’s pursuit of value, realizing a match between the team and the project, prolonging the team’s life cycle, expanding human resources of science and technology, avoiding operative risks, innovating the framework of system, widening boundary of the team, probing and following the rule for production of scientific knowledge, interacting among the team, the innovation platform and the framework of disciplines and their unitivly constructing as well. All these strategies form a complete system of how to construct innovation team. Problems existing in innovative team may be confirmed and supplemented in the manner of returning to the real fields and typical cases.Questions concerning innovative team, as well as the organization and management of scientific research in university, have provided a broad academic space for management of the high education. Meanwhile, knowledge of higher education management is needed to safeguard effective solutions to these questions by providing some sound explanative and regulative theories.更多还原