【作者】 蔡池兰；

【导师】 肖人彬；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 本论文受国家自然科学基金“公理设计的扩展研究及其稳健优化设计方法”(项目批准号:50575083)支持。针对公理设计的独立公理,以耦合问题的解决作为切入点,研究基于独立公理的耦合设计处理方法,基于系统性创造思维(Systematic Inventive Thinking,SIT)的解耦方法,并将人工免疫系统和集合论等工具引入公理设计框架,探讨公理设计在机械传动系统概念设计领域应用的普适性。首先,研究了基于独立公理的耦合设计处理方法。以公理设计的相邻域之间Z形映射为指导,分解设计问题并调整设计矩阵,揭示功能需求(Functional Requirements, FRs)和设计参数(Design Parameters, DPs)之间的交互作用,研究得出耦合FRs-DPs之间的实质解耦条件,对于满足该条件的FRs-DPs采用实质解耦方法解耦,提出基于满意度的解耦方法处理不能实质解耦的耦合任务,并对解耦处理后余下的耦合FRs-DPs任务集进行割裂从而确定最佳初始迭代顺序。基于上述工作,提出了一种基于独立公理的耦合设计处理方法,该方法充分考虑了FRs-DPs之间的交互作用,为在FRs不独立的情况下完成设计提供解决方案。以金属基/陶瓷复合涂层柱塞杆设计问题以及冷凝器设计问题,说明和验证了该方法。其次,研究了基于SIT的解耦方法。通过从原理、方法和工具层面,也即从独立公理与性质变化原理、公理设计与封闭世界原理、层次结构与SIT、信息公理与SIT的关系四个方面研究和分析了公理设计与SIT之间的关系、兼容性和集成的可能性,揭示出应用公理设计中遇到的耦合问题可借助于SIT方法来解决,并根据两者之间的联系和一致性分析结果提出公理设计下基于SIT的解耦方法,详细探讨了该方法的具体步骤,并在此基础上提出升级已有的旧系统或根据已有的旧系统开发新系统的步骤。此外,对该解耦方法的特征和可能的扩展——引入TRIZ作为辅助工具,进行了讨论。通过冲水振动和噪声问题实例说明该方法在解决耦合问题的过程中,如何逐步明确表达和陈述问题并系统的搜索可行解。该方法可以避免耦合度度量、参数折中及寻求替代技术概念等常规方法的措施,通过引入创造性的概念实现耦合FRs的完全解耦,得到满足独立公理的无耦合设计。再次,研究了基于公理设计的机械传动系统概念设计方法。以公理设计框架为指导,将行为作为功能需求和设计参数之间的桥梁,根据运动特征集,基于集合论对功能需求和设计参数进行形式化描述,从而划分基本功能需求块和设计参数块;给出功能域向物理域映射的基本条件,功能需求分解规则的产生步骤,在上述工作的基础上,提出一种基于公理设计的机械传动系统概念设计方法。该方法通过对功能域向物理域映射过程的描述,产生功能分解规则进行功能分解并搜索出各子功能的解,在组合子功能解的过程中,通过建立组合解搜索问题的数学模型,引入免疫算法来处理该问题,有效加快搜索过程和处理可能存在的组合爆炸。通过捻线机往复导纱系统设计实例说明和验证了该方法。最后,在前述对公理设计的扩展性研究成果的指导下,进行新型捻线机的设计。包括,进行新型捻线机的总体方案设计,建立传动系统数学模型并进行传动系统方案设计和结构设计,分析加捻装置—锭子的加捻原理和结构原理方案,最后在上述工作的基础上获得新型捻线机的满意设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50575083). The functional dependency and the corresponding uncoupling method are deeply researched in this dissertation, which include the strategy of disposing of coupled design based on the independence axiom, and the uncoupling method based on systematic inventive thinking (SIT). The application of axiomatic design in conceptual design of mechanical transmission system is also discussed, in which artificial immune system and set theory are introduced.Firstly, the method of disposing of coupled design based on the independence axiom is studied. Guided by zigzagging mapping between functional requirements (FRs) and design parameters (DPs), the design problem is decomposed. After rearrangement of the created design matrix, the interaction between FRs and DPs can be identified and analyzed. Based on the interaction analysis, the virtually decoupling condition is investigated. The coupled FRs-DPs that satisfy the virtually decoupling condition are disposed by the virtually decoupling method. A satisfaction degree-based decoupling method is also proposed to deal with the coupled FRs-DPs that don’t satisfy the virtually decoupling condition. As regards the remained coupled FRs-DPs after decoupling, it is a good way that adopting tearing method to find the better initial ordering of iteration to avoid additional iterations. Based on above work, a method of disposing of coupled design based on the independence axiom is proposed. This method takes into account the interaction between FRs and DPs, and provides guidance for accomplishing design in the case of violating the independence axiom. Two practical examples, the design of plunger rod and the design of condenser, are provided to illuminate this method.Secondly, the uncoupling method based on SIT is investigated. The relationships, compatibilities, and possibility of integration between axiomatic design and SIT at principle, methodological, and tools levels are analyzed, in terms of relationship between independence axiom and qualitative change principle, axiomatic design and closed world principle, hierarchy and SIT, information axiom and SIT. Based on this analysis, a method for uncoupling design with the aid of SIT is proposed. The detailed uncoupling steps of this method are explained and a strategy to upgrade an old system or develop new systems based on an existing one is also proposed in terms of this uncoupling method. In addition, a discussion of the proposed uncoupling method and the possible extension of this method with TRIZ are presented. An example of solving vibration and noise problem of flushing facility is provided to demonstrate how the uncoupling method can lead to a focused formulation of the functional dependency problem and a systematic search for promising solutions. This proposed uncoupling method is different from the conventional approaches, which removes the functional dependency through employing creative technology, and avoids measuring functional dependency, harmonizing parameters, or searching for substitutable technological ideas.Thirdly, the method for conceptual design of mechanical transmission system is discussed. Guided by axiomatic design framework, behavior as the bridge between FRs and DPs, FRs and DPs are formalized in terms of kinematic characteristics set by set theory, and the basic FR elements and basic DP elements are also classified. The basic mapping condition from functional domain to physical domain is studied. The steps of automated creation of FR decomposition rules are given. Then a method for conceptual design of mechanical transmission system is proposed. Based on the description of mapping from functional domain to physical domain, the FR decomposition rules are created firstly to guide FR decomposition and search for sub-solutions for each sub-FR. After constructing the mathematical model of searching for the optimal combinatorial solution, immune algorithm is introduced to dispose of this combinatorial optimization problem,which can speed up search process and deal with the possible combinatorial explosion. A design case of to-and-fro yarn-guiding system is presented to illustrate the application of this method.Finally, the design of latest twister is discussed based on axiomatic design. The overall scheme of the latest twister is given through zigzagging decomposition. The mathematical model of transmission system is constructed, the mechanical kinematic scheme is generated, and the design of mechanical transmission system is fulfilled. Then the twisting principles and basic concept of twisting device– spindle are analyzed. Lastly, the overall design of the latest twister is successfully accomplished.更多还原