【作者】 高建华；

【导师】 覃成林；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 人文地理学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 近20多年来,新技术革命和知识经济的推动,使得经济全球化成为重要发展趋势,资本、技术、人才等要素流动加剧,不同利益主体(包括区域)之间的竞争越来越激烈,并应对由此带来的各种机遇、挑战和竞争,提升竞争力成为决策者的共识。自20世纪80年代美国政府首开大规模研究竞争力问题之先河后,竞争力问题成为不同阶层研究、关注的热点问题。随着国际竞争力研究的不断深入,研究范围不断拓展,区域竞争研究成为一个非常活跃的领域,其重要标志就是以城市竞争力为重点的区域竞争研究走向高潮。在我国,不同区域因自然环境、资源条件及文化背景等方面的差异,长期以来形成了各自的发展特点,加之建国初期生产力布局的调整和改革开放后非均衡区域发展战略的实施,使国内不同区域间,特别是东、中、西三大地带间的差距明显,区域发展不平衡问题严重。全球化和区域化带来的新机遇和挑战,国内各地区都面临着吸引有利资源,加快经济发展,在全球竞争中确立竞争优势的任务。为此,区域竞争成为学术界研究的一大热点。国内区域竞争(力)研究主要是吸收和借鉴了国外关于国际竞争力和竞争优势研究的理论成果,在中国国际竞争力、城市竞争力、区域竞争力等方面做了很多卓有成效的工作。但总体来说,国内区域竞争(力)研究尚未进入成熟阶段,还没有形成系统的理论基础体系,在概念界定、评价指标、形成机制等基础问题上还存在模糊、争议,与现实发展的结合也还有待进一步深化。尤其是在区域竞争的理论研究方面很是欠缺,目前一直研究的重点在于对区域竞争力的研究,而区域竞争力仅是区域竞争的一个组成部分,作为其研究基础的更重要的是区域竞争的基本理论与方法。因此,结合目前区域竞争的实际,适时深入开展区域竞争的理论与方法研究显得特别有重要意义。本文正是基于此认识开展区域竞争的基本理论与方法研究,并结合我国实际开展案例研究的。生态位理论是建立在自然生态系统的研究基础上的,当代生态学的发展使得研究对象从纯粹的自然生态系统转移到社会一经济一自然复合生态系统。区域竞争生态系统是典型的社会一经济一自然复合生态系统。结合区域竞争生态系统的特点,本文将生态学的生态位理论与方法引入区域竞争生态系统研究,运用人文地理学、区域经济学、生态学等学科的基本理论,在对区域竞争基础理论及相关研究评述、总结自然生态位基本理论的基础上,提出区域竞争生态位的概念,建立区域竞争生态位的基本理论与测度方法体系,采用定性与定量综合集成方法,通过实证研究提出基于生态元及生态元素的区域竞争生态位提升途径。论文共分八章。除第一章(导论)、第八章(总结与展望)外,论文由四部分构成:第一部分是本文研究主题相关研究述评,对应于本文第二章;第二部分是对区域竞争的相关基础理论总结与分析;第三部分是自然生态位的分析,为建立区域竞争生态位的理论奠定基础;第四部分是本文核心内容,包括第五章、第六章和第七章,构建了从区域竞争生态位的概念、原理、方法到案例相对完整的理论与方法体系。论文各章具体内容如下:第一章,导论。主要说明本文研究的背景、研究目标与方法、研究技术路线与论文框架结构等内容。第二章,区域竞争与生态位相关研究述评。该部分由两部分构成:第一部分,对国内外开展的区域竞争相关研究进行分析与总结,明晰目前区域竞争研究的学科前沿、关注热点、研究方法与存在问题;第二部分,对运用生态学的生态位理论与方法开展的人文地理相关领域的应用研究成果进行分析总结,掌握研究主题与研究方法,分析存在的问题以及今后发展的可能趋势。第三章,区域竞争的理论基础。总结与分析开展区域竞争研究的主要基础理论,内容包括人文地理学、区域经济学、生态学等学科关于区域竞争的相关理论。第四章,旨在回顾自然生态位研究历史的基础上,通过阐释生态位的概念内涵,总结生态位分类系统,测度生态位特征值,分析生态位的特性,为生态位的拓展应用给与指导并提供借鉴。第五章,区域竞争生态位的基本理论与阐释。区域竞争生态位的基本理论与阐释。通过比对区域竞争生态系统与自然生态系统,结合区域竞争生态系统的特质,全面总结、提出区域竞争生态位的基本理论架构并阐释,具体内容包括区域竞争的要素与环境,区域竞争关系、区域竞争生态系统的结构与功能,区域竞争生态位的概念、特性与分类,区域竞争生态位的宽度、重叠、扩展、收缩、分离、移动等基本理论。第六章,区域竞争生态位的测度模型与案例研究。本章由两大部分组成,第一部分是区域竞争生态位的测度模型,具体包括区域竞争生态位的态势模型、区域竞争生态位的全排列多边形综合指数模型、区域竞争生态位的适宜度测度模型、区域竞争生态位构建的理论模型。第二部分是三项案例研究,即:(1)基于区域竞争要素的案例研究——中国区域制度生态位与经济发展;(2)基于区域竞争单生态元的案例研究——河南区域经济生态位的测度与评价;(3)基于区域整体生态位的案例研究。第七章,新时期区域竞争生态位提升的主要途径与措施。从区域竞争的生态位、生态元、生态元素出发,探讨区域竞争生态位提升的途径与策略,内容包括优化组合生态元结构,以及通过科技竞争、企业与产业集群、城市生态位与城市联盟、区域竞争发展策划、政府生态位等方面指出我国区域竞争生态位提升的途径与策略。第八章,总结与展望。包括论文研究主要结论、创新之处、研究不足与继续研究设想。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the past 20 years,the economic globalization is reinforced by the revolutionary information technology and the emerging knowledge economy.The increasing flows of capital,technology and talent have enhanced the competitions among different interest groups.It brings chances,challenges and competitions. Consequently,the regional competitiveness is becoming a very active research area. In China,there is obvious inequality in regional development between the East,the Central and the West.Due to the regional diversity in natural resources,cultural traditions,and the uneven regional development strategy,different regions usually have their specific development characteristics and localized interest groups. Inevitably,regional competitions are much more dramatic.Quite many researches on China’s regional,urban and national competitiveness have been reported.Although the theories of competitive advantage and national competitiveness are widely applied in regional studies in China,it is argued that the theoretical foundations and research methods are still at the early stage.The researchers still have arguments on the issues such as the definition,the evaluation indicators,and the formation mechanism.It is also recognized that the current theories are not consistently applicable to regional development.On the other hand, the existing theoretical research on regional competition is mainly investigated from the viewpoint of regional competitiveness,which is only a part of the regional competition.Considering the lack of theory,this paper aims to introduce a theoretical framework and to examine the models through empirical case studies.Niche theory is established on the study of natural ecosystem.However, modern ecology has transferred the subjects from the purely natural ecosystem to the social-economic-natural complex ecosystem.The regional competition ecosystem is a case of such complex systems.This paper introduces niche theory and methodology to the study of the regional competitive ecosystem.The basic theories in human geography,regional economics,ecology and other fields have also been applied to it.Based on the theoretical discussions,the concept, measurement and evaluation of regional competitive niche is elaborated.The measurement models of regional competitive niche are examined by using qualitative and quantitative case studies.Finally,approaches to,and strategies for, improving regional competitive niche based on ecological unit and ecological elements are recommended.This paper is organized in eight chapters.Chapter One:Introduction.The background,main topics,objectives and significances of this research are highlighted.The research methodology and related techniques are discussed.Chapter Two:Literature Review.The research progress on regional competition and ecological niche is critically reviewed.The fundamental theories and analytical methods on regional development and competition are summarized,and the research progresses,methodology issues and key problems are outlined clearly. Especially,the applied researches using niche ecological theory from the perspectives of human geography are analyzed detailedly.Chapter Three:Theoretical Foundations of Regional Competition.Various theories of regional competition in human geography,regional economics,ecology and other related fields are discussed.Chapter Four:Theoretical Analysis of Ecological Niche.Based on the existing studies,the concept of ecological niche and its properties,characteristics, classification and measurement are generalized,which lays a theoretical foundation for its applications.Chapter Five:Theoretical Framework of the Regional Competitive Niche. Based on the theory of ecological niche,and considering the ecological characteristics of regional competitions,this chapter introduces a theoretical framework of the regional competitive niche.Issues such as the elements and environment of regional competition,the competitive relationship between regions, the structure and functions of the regional competitive niche system,the characteristics and classification of the regional competitive niche,and the width, overlapping,expansion,compression,separation and shift of the regional competitive niche are analyzed.Chapter Six:Measuring the Regional Competitive Niche.Based on the theoretical analysis in previous chapters,a family of models for measuring the regional competitive niche,such as the ecostate-ecorole model,the all-array-polygon integrated model,the suitability model and the spatially niche construction model,are discussed.The models are examined in three cases,i.e.the policy analysis of the economic development and regional competition in China since 1978,the measurement and evaluation of the regional economic niche of Henan province,and the measurement and spatial analysis of the city niches in Henan province.Chapter Seven:Approaches and measures to Improving the Regional Competitive Niche.This chapter discusses the strategies to upgrade the regional competitive niche in future from the perspectives of ecological niche,unit and elements.Optimization of the structure of ecological units,coupled with technologic innovations,industrial cluster,city cooperation,regional planning for regional competitiveness are recommended.Chapter Eight:Conclusions.The main findings and innovations in this research are highlighted.The limitations of this paper and the proposal for further studies are also discussed.更多还原