【作者】 彭立威；

【导师】 唐之享； 李培超；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 伦理学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 人格是一个人品行、价值和尊严的总和,是一个人道德品质和心理品质的集合,是对人在现实生活中应当如何安身立命的规定。在人类文明发展的历史长河中,不同的文明背景形成了不同的人格样态,依次出现了农耕文明时代以宗法群体为本位的“人身依附型”人格和工业文明时代对物质财富疯狂追求的“异化人格”。当前,人类已经进入到新的千年,生态文明的转型已经成为迫切的需要。新的文明路向对人的发展提出了新的要求,人类必须在新的时代背景下重新审视自我、设计自我,提出人格完善的新目标。人格的完善,是人追求全面发展的目标。而在实现人格完善的过程中,伦理的规范或道德的涵育起着不可替代的重要作用,因为,任何一种伦理和道德的价值旨归,最终都指向人格的完满与完善,指向人的全面发展。回溯人类伦理思想生长发展的的过程不难发现,东西方不同的伦理学流派在特定的历史阶段和文化背景下,都有各自不同的人格指向目标,同时也都为新人格的塑造积淀着思想养份,帮助后代人从历史中选择未来。当生态文明的转向把新型人格——生态人格的培育提到现实层面时,通过历史分析和现实归纳来探寻生态人格成长发育的条件就成为了意义重大的论题。生态人格是在人与自然和人与社会双重关系关照下,对人的尊严、责任、价值或品格的映现与归纳,是一定的道德原则与规范在个人身上的凝结和内化,是人为实现与自然、社会的和谐而自觉地对自己的生活态度、生活方式进行合理安排或筹划,是人的生命境界的升华。生态人格的塑造和养成需要人类历史文化的养份,特别是伦理文化为生态人格的确立和塑造提供丰厚的理论资源和思想启迪。中国传统的伦理文化、西方的传统伦理文化和马克思主义伦理文化,均蕴含了各具特色、丰富繁盛的生态智慧,这些生态智慧构成了我们塑造生态人格的起点。回顾过去的20世纪,工业文明留给人类巨大的物质财富的同时,也带来了日益深重的生态危机、社会危机和精神危机。这些危机的实质就是人性的危机、人格的危机。正是这些危机催生了环境伦理。环境伦理的首要特征就是扩大了人类的道德责任范围,将道德关怀的视野从人类拓展到整个自然界。环境伦理对人类道德责任的扩展,最终指向新型人格的涵育。进入新的千年后,人类也步入了生态文明转型的时代,生态人格的塑造与养成彰显了独特的时代意蕴。倡导生态人格,将促进从实体的自然到实体的人的回归,从自然的灵性的涵育到人的精神的涵育,从自然的尊严到人的尊严,从自然的完满到人的完满的实现。一种新型人格的塑造不是一蹴而就的。生态人格必须通过环境文化的熏陶、环境教育的内化、生态实践的锤炼等路径才能得以逐渐养成与实现。生态人格匹配生态文明,塑造生态人格,任重而道远。更多还原

【Abstract】 Personality is the sum of a person’s character,value and dignity,the collection of a person’s moral and psychological quality and the requirements of how a person should settle down in the real life.In the long history of the development of human civilization, different backgrounds of civilization have formatted different types of personality as from the attaching personality based on the patriarchal groups in the farming civilization age to the alienating personality based on the crazy pursuit of material wealth in the industrial civilization age. At present,as mankind has entered the new millennium,the transformation of ecological civilization has become a pressing need.As a new approaching of civilization has put forward the demands for the development of personality,the human beings must re-examine and re-design themselves in the new context of time,and set up the new targets for the personality perfection.Perfect personality is the goal for people’s pursuing of the all-round development.In the process for the realization of personality perfection, ethical standardization and moral education play an irreplaceably important role,because any kinds of ethical and moral value targets eventually all point to the successful completion and perfection of personality,to the people’s all-round development.In retrospect of the growth and development process of human’s ethical thoughts,it is not difficult to find that different eastern and western ethics schools,in a particular historical period and cultural background,have different personality target,and accumulated the nutrients of human’s thoughts for the molding of the new personality to help people of the future generations to select their own future from the history.When the shift of the ecological civilization has raised the cultivation of a new type of personality - the ecological personality to the level of realization,to explore the growth and development conditions of ecological personality through the historical analysis and realistic conclusion has become a significant topic.Ecological personality is the reflection and conclusion of human dignity,responsibility,value or quality under the double outlook of the relationship between man and nature and the relationship between man and society.It is the condensation and internalization of certain moral principles and norms on the individual;people’s voluntary and rational planning and designing of their life attitudes and life styles for the realization of the harmony between human,nature and the society and the distillation of people’s life realm.The shaping and forming of ecological personality requires the nutrients of human’s history and culture,especially the ethical culture has provided the substantial theory resources and the enlightenment thought for the establishment and molding of ecological personality.Traditional Chinese ethical culture,traditional western ethical culture and Marxist ethical culture,all contain a unique,rich and prosperous ecological wisdom,which form a starting point for the shaping of ecological personality.Looking back to the past 20th century,industrial civilization has left immense material wealth for the mankind,but at the same time,brought about an increasingly profound ecological crisis,social crisis and spiritual crisis.The substance of these crises is the crisis of human nature and the personality crisis which led to the environmental ethics.The primary characteristic of environmental ethics is to expand the scope of human’s moral responsibility,and extended the vision of moral care from the mankind to the whole nature.The expansion of human’s moral responsibilities from the environmental ethics and eventually point to the training of the new personality. After entering the new millennium,mankind has entered a transition time of ecological civilization in which the shaping and forming of ecological personality shows a unique connotation of time.The advocating of ecological personality will promote the return from the entity of nature to the entity of people and the realization from the education of nature’s spirit the education of people’s spirit,from the dignity of nature to the human dignity,from the perfection of the natural world to the perfection of people.It is not a goal that can be reached in one step as to the creating of a new type of personality.Ecological personality can only be gradually developed and realized through those paths such as the edifying of the environmental culture,the internalization of environmental education,the refining of ecological practices and so on.Ecological personality matches ecological civilization,and it must be a long way to go as to shape and form the ecological personality.更多还原