【作者】 李伟南；

【导师】 张立荣；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中外政治制度， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 奥斯本和盖布勒的《改革政府》中有句名言:“如果我在做一件不该做的事情上工作效率很高,那是再愚蠢不过了”。政府的做事效率固然重要,然而更重要的是“如何使政府做‘正确’的事情?”这个看起来似乎非常简单的问题,实则却是始终困扰着人类的最大难题之一。政府的行为失范更是成为了社会的公害。如果说某一个地方的政府或政府的某一次行为的失范是偶然的话,那么,地方政府行为普遍性的失范,我们就不能不承认其中存在着必然性。因此,探究“政府行为的决定性因素”始终是政治学、经济学、行政学等学科研究的热点问题。世界上不存在一种普适性的政府角色和职能的模式,同时也没有哪一个政府的角色和模式是一成不变的。当代中国县政府,除了具有政府的一般性特征之外,在社会转型期,其角色和职能都有其特殊的意义。客观地看,当代中国县政府及其官员的行为,既不是像政府和官员自己宣传的那样在“全心全意为人民服务”,也不像社会上许多人的情绪化的断言那样:“政府及其官员的一切行为都是利己的”。一方面,共和国30年的改革开放能够取得今天的成就,县政府及其官员功不可没;另一方面,由于县政府及其官员的行为失范,给社会造成的危害也是有目共睹的。本文正是通过对当代中国县政府行为的“应然逻辑”和“现实逻辑”的比较研究,在科学评价县政府现实行为的基础上,挖掘导致县政府行为失范的成因,进而探求校正和规范县政府行为的对策。本文的主要内容包括:第一部分即第一章。主要是从总体上说明研究“县政府行为逻辑”的理论意义与实践价值,分别梳理国内外的相关研究成果,以凸显本课题研究的理论背景;与此同时,对本课题研究的核心概念进行了初步界定;简要说明了笔者研究过程中的基本思路和主要研究方法。第二部分包括第二、三两章。笔者运用“一般到特殊”的规范研究方法,首先考察分析了政府行为的影响因素,从理论上说明了政府行为的一般逻辑;进而对当代中国县政府的角色进行具体分析,在准确定位当代中国县政府角色和职能的基础上,阐发了当代中国县政府行为的“应然逻辑”。第二章重点阐明研究的出发点是“需要”,“需要”和“满足需要的欲望”的客观必然性与资源、生产力的有限性之间的矛盾,形成了对政府及其官员的巨大的“生存压力”,加上市场经济的“逐利”本性,决定了政府及其官员的“自利倾向”,这是本文的理论前提。第三章通过把当代中国县政府置于市场经济的大背景下,科学地定位“基层人民政府”的角色和职能,阐发了当代中国县政府行为的“应然逻辑”。第三部分包括第四、五两章。笔者采用实证的方法,第四章通过对笔者在L县的调研材料的分析,对当代中国县政府的现实行为进行深入解剖,进而解释了当代中国县政府行为的现实逻辑及其成因;在第五章,笔者运用“制度——利益——权力”分析方法,通过对“应然逻辑”和“实然逻辑”的比较分析,重点阐述了当代中国县政府行为失范的表现、危害及成因。第四部分即第六章。此部分乃本课题研究的落脚点,即基于对当代中国县政府行为失范的成因分析,提出了笔者对政府改革、校正和规范政府行为的对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 There is a famous saying in Osborne and Gaebler’s“reform government”:“If it is foolish to do a job which I should not have to do on a very high efficiency.”However,The efficiency of the Government’s work is important,but it is more important for the government how to do‘right’ thing.It may seem a very simple question,but in reality it is always one of the biggest challenges of mankind. Moreover,the lack of government conduct models has become public nuisance.If we say that the lack of conduct models lies in the local government or a government’s acts accidentally,we can not but admit its inevitability of existence when the lack of conduct models lies in the universal local government’s acts.Therefore,exploring“the decisive factor in the government’s acts”has always been the hot issue of political science,economics,administration and other research study.A universal model of the government’s roles and functions does not exist in the world,but also any single model of the government’s roles and functions will be changed.Except the general characteristics of the government,the roles and functions of Chinese county government has special significance during the transition of society.Objectively speaking,An objective point of view of Chinese county government and its officials,the Government and officials are neither as their own propaganda,as in“serving the people wholeheartedly,”nor as some people’s emotional assertions:“The Government and its officials are all self-serving acts.”On one hand,the 30 years of reform and opening-up achievements are attributes to the county government and officials;On the other hand,, the harm caused to society is obvious because of the lack of the county government and its officials’ conduct models.Through the comparative study between“ought to be logical”and“practical logic”of Chinese county government’s conducts,the author tries to find the reasons and the effective measures to regulate the county government’s acts based on the scientific evaluation of the county government acts.The article includes:The first part includes the Chapter I.Mainly from the theory meaning and practical value of the research studies on“the act logic of the county government”,the author highlights the theoretical background of the research after the relevant sorting the research results at home and abroad;At the same time,the core concept of the research is preliminarily defined;the author briefly describes the basic ideas and the main research methods.The second part includes the ChapterⅡandⅢ.The author uses“the general to the special”normative research method,analyzed the impact factors of government’s acts explaining the general logic of the government’s acts from theory;then carried out a specific analysis on the roles of Chinese country governments,“ought to be logical”of Chinese country government acts is described based on the accurate positioning of Chinese county governments’ roles and functions.TheⅡchapter’s starting point is“the need”.The conflict between objective necessity of“the need”and“the desire to meet the need”and the limited productivity of resources formed the enormous“Survive pressure”of the government and its officials.Together with the“profit”nature of market economy,the Government and its officials " tend to self-serving.This is the theoretical premise of this article. ChapterⅢdescribes the acts of“ought to be logical”through scientific position of Chinese county governments’ roles and functions as“the grass-roots level people’s government”under the market place.The third part includes the ChapterⅣandⅤ.In theⅣchapter the author uses the empirical methods.Based on the analysis on the research materials of the county L,the author explains the logic and the causes of the Chinese county governments’ behavior.In theⅤchapters,the author uses“system-benefits-power”analysis method to discuss the performance,the causes and the harms of Chinese county government due to the lack of conduct models by comparative analysis between“ought to be logical”and“Is the logic of”.The fourth part includes the ChapterⅥ.This section is the end-result of this research.The author put forward countermeasures and proposals of the government’s reforms,the government’s actions norms.更多还原