【作者】 陈欣；

【导师】 许祖华；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 文化阐释批评是从文化人类学引申出来的一种文学研究和批评的方法,它形成于20世纪20-30年代,其基本特点在于“还原”。也就是说,通过考古、田野考察、语义钩沉、破译典籍等系列方法,尽可能地“还原”当时的历史文化和社会生活场景,揭示历史上曾经有过的“原生态的生活”。20世纪上半叶,闻一多受西方新兴的文化人类学影响,融合清代朴学的实证方法和西方人类文化学、社会学、民俗学的研究方法,形成其独特的具有现代意义的文化阐释批评方法,以文化人类学的视角对中国古代的社会文化进行整体性的观察和跨学科的综合考证。在闻一多的学术研究中,几乎涉及了全部的中国上古时代的典籍。他大量地运用神话学、民俗学、民族学、考古学、美学以及心理学等方面的综合知识来透视中国古代文学现象,将《诗经》、《楚辞》、神话传说等纳入研究视野,寻找潜藏于、凝聚在文学作品中的蛛丝马迹,以期还原那个时代的世界观、人生观、宗教信仰和民俗。闻一多是我国第一个用神话学、民俗学、文化人类学等综合研究的方法研究《诗经》等古代典籍的学者。他在吸收西方科学理论的同时,得出了许多富有创见的结论,奠定了他在中国古典文化研究领域的开创性地位。闻一多运用文化阐释批评的方法,研究《诗经》和《楚辞》和中国古代神话传说,揭示了古代人类社会生活的真实情状,以及古代中华民族诗性思维的形象性、情感性和想象性特征。本论文共七章,第一章主要论述闻一多文化阐释批评的起点,即闻一多对训诂学的创造性运用。第二、三、四章主要论述闻一多所揭示的中华民族诗性思维的特征:象征性、情感性和想象性;以及闻一多文化阐释批评视野下的原始巫术和原始图腾研究。第五章主要论述闻一多文化阐释批评下的神话研究。第六章主要论述闻一多所揭示的原始人类在生活习俗和诗歌艺术中体现出了强烈的生命意识。第七章主要论述闻一多在其学术研究的表述方式上,仍然延续了中国传统的诗性的批评方式,即以形象化的、情感化的、语义模糊化的诗性语言对文学作品加以评述;以个人感兴式的描述来表达对文学和艺术的见解。闻一多运用整体的视角和综合的研究方法,从不同角度解读原始初民的生存状态和文化心理,揭示古代文学典籍真实的思想内涵;并由此揭示出了古代中华民族的文化心理特征:强烈的生命意识。本论文主要以闻一多对中国古代典籍的研究成果为分析对象,探讨闻一多文化阐释批评的内涵和外延,评述其成就、价值和意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cultural Interpretation criticism is a literary research and criticism of the method,which arise out of the cultural anthropology.Its basic features is to "restore",which means to reveal the "original ecology of Living" that the history have been.It "restore" the history,culture and social life scene through archaeological,field trips,semantic Dynasty,deciphering the classics series methods,as much as possible.By combining the positivism method of the Qing Dynasty’s down-to-earth learning with the research methods of western Anthroculturalism,Social Science,Folklore,Wen Yi-duo formed his unique cultural interpretation criticism method in the first quarter of the 20th century.Wen Yi-duo’s research method is "on the basis of cross-cultural interpretation".And it is a modem sense of academic research methods.Wen Yi-duo’s academic study involve almost all the Chinese classics of Paleozoic time.He described knowledge of ancient Chinese literature in the right perspective by taking substantial use of mythology,folklore,ethnology,archeology,aesthetics and psychology.He took "The Book of Songs","Songs of the South",myths and legends in his study, found clues hidden in the cohesion literature,and tried to restore the world,life,religion and folklore at that time.Wen Yi-duo is the first scholar to use the method of comprehensive study such as myths, folklore and cultural anthropology.He draw a lot of thoughtful conclusion after he absorbed the Western scientific theories.And he laid a classical Chinese cultural studies at the pioneering status of the field.Wen Yi-duo studied the "Book of Songs" and "Songs of the South" by using cultural interpretation criticism.He not only reveals the true face of ancient people’s lives,but also reveals the thinking of ancient Chinese poetry features,as well as the resulting aesthetic image.This paper has seven chapters.The first chapter focuses on the base of cultural explanation criticism,which is creative application of scholium interpretation way.The second,third and fourth chapters mainly discuss Chinese poetic thinking:symbolic,emotional and imaginary.It reveals original totem sorcery and original research under Wen Yi-duo’s cultural interpretation criticism.The fifth chapter focuses on the myth of study.The six chapter focuses on a strong sense of original human’s life,which embodied in the livelihood practices and poetry art.The seventh chapter focuses on Wen Yi-duo’s expression of academic research,which continues the traditional way of Chinese poetic criticism. Poetic criticism expresses the inner feeling and subjective impression of the critic through emotional description and imageries with symbolic and metaphorical language under the guidance of poetic thinking. Wen Yi-duo put the classical literature on the whole cultural background,explain survival condition and cultural psychology of huminid from various perspectives,and reveals the true thought of ancient literature.He got through the obstacles between original and civilization by using his cultural Interpretation criticism.He set up a bridge between logical and emotional thinking, profoundly revealed the psychological characteristics of Chinese ancient culture,including strong awareness of life and strong sense of clan kinship in the living customs and poetry art.The main thesis of this paper is to explain the characteristics of Wen Yi-duo’s cultural Interpretation criticism and to reflect the conscious awareness of history,by analysing the research results of "The Book of Songs","Songs of the South" and the ancient Chinese myth.更多还原