【作者】 张勇濂；

【导师】 秦在东；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 流动是历代中国农民生存的策略选择之一。无论是古代还是近代,我国的农民在无法生存的状况下,无不选择投奔他乡,以求生存。与古代和近代的农民流动不同,改革开放后我国农民的流动尽管有求取生存之意,但其目的更趋向于利益的最大化,这种流动是结构性流动(第一产业向第二、三产业流动)和区域性流动(贫困地区向富裕地区流动)的结合。相同的是,无论古代、近代还是转型期中国农民的流动,都给社会秩序带来一定的冲击,引发社会的不稳定、不和谐,历代的执政者无不对农民流动引发的社会问题采取积极对策,以减缓其所带来的社会不良反应。本论文正是从历代中国农民由于流动而造成的社会失稳的状况考虑出发,对转型期中国农民进城打工而引发的社会犯罪问题进行反思。论文以马克思主义的基本原理和方法论为指导,把实证研究和规范研究有机结合起来,对转型期中国农民从“流动”到“打工”,再到“犯罪”的过程作出实证性的考察与分析,最后对农民工犯罪问题提出针对性的预防及治理措施。首先,本文运用史实和实证资料来论述和分析历代中国、尤其是20世纪改革开放以来我国农民流动的状况。其次,通过史实、实证资料的论述,以及调查所得资料显示,改革开放后我国农民流动随着国家政策的变化表现出不同的状况,尤其是城乡二元户籍体制的存在,对农民流动有着巨大影响。这些都给笔者进一步研究农民工犯罪提供了极为丰富的实证资料,在充分地占有资料和把握农民流动的动态基础上,笔者对农民犯罪的原因作了文化学解释,指出转型期中国农民工犯罪不仅仅是经济上的贫乏所致,更重要的异质文化冲突,即犯罪亚文化与主流文化的冲突造成的。第三,通过对郑州市农民工社会行为活动、思想价值层面的考察以及犯罪农民工的心理分析,概括了转型期中国农民工思想状况的总体特征,最后提出预防和治理的对策思路以及构建农民工思想政治教育的策略体系。本文的论述有几个突出特点:一是时间连续性强,既有我国古代、近代人口流动的状况,又有20世纪建国初期到80年代改革开放前我国农民随着政策变动的流动情况,还有改革开放后农民流动兴盛时的情况。二是覆盖面广。本文的实证调查既有我国的首都北京,又有处于我国南方的广州,还有处于中部的城市郑州。之所以把这三个地区确定为笔者调查研究的地点,是基于我国改革开放后农民的流动趋向性特点,即农民流动是中西部流向中东部、中部部分地区多流向首都北京。三是本文涉及的调查研究在不同层次展开,既有国家政府部门及其调研机构设计和实施的调查,又有国内学者进行的各类调查,还有笔者本人所进行的实证调查。四是资料覆盖面广,可利用性强。这其中既有经典理论作家关于农民流动的动力学理论研究资料,又有国外较有影响力的学者关于农民流动的动力学研究理论和研究模型,还有笔者本人关于农民流动的研究和调查资料。这也是本文之所以只用较少篇幅对中国农民流动的历史与现状进行概括性描述,而把主要笔墨用在农民流动的动因、农民流动的背景、异地的文化冲突、农民工的思想状况、犯罪的预防与对策等问题之上的原因。根据研究思路,除导论外,论文共安排六个章节。首先,论文回顾了历代中国农民流动的状况与流动的背景,讨论了改革开放后中国农民的流动由限制到放开的政策过程,指出这种城乡壁垒的松动不仅促使了农民的流动,同时也为农民在流动中可能会引发的社会问题——犯罪,创造了条件。其次,在经典理论作家和国内外学者对农民流动动因分析的基础上提出自己的见解,认为中国转型期农民的流动是社会结构调整、社会改革、个人因素等综合作用推动的结果。第三,论文分析了农民流动进城后的犯罪既有历史遗留的制度性因素,同时更是不同环境下的文化冲突造成的,这种文化的冲突是农民进城后的流民意识与主文化的冲突。第四,论文提出对农民工犯罪的控制是减少农民流动、改革城乡二元体制、构建农民工社会支持体系,同时,还必须构筑一定的预防和控制体系,以及加强农民工的思想政治教育工作、构建完整的农民工思想政治教育的策略体系。本文力图在以下几个方面有所创新:首先,本论文拟通过宏观与微观、区域与个人之间的活动考察,努力摸索出一种农民工犯罪的“行动——事件”研究方法。第二,本研究拟突破传统的犯罪“经济决定论”分析模式,建立一种以文化冲突为主导的农民工犯罪原因解释模式。第三,本研究拟以社会学、犯罪学、文化学等学科与思想政治教育学相结合的研究方式,以跨学科全景透视方法探讨农民工从农民到犯罪的演变机制和轨迹,并提出相应预防措施和对策,试图开拓出一个以多学科相融合的新的研究领域---文化法学或文化犯罪学。更多还原

【Abstract】 Flows are ancient Chinese peasant,one of the survival strategy selection.Whether ancient or modern times,China’s farmers can not survive in the conditions,select all went home in order to survive.With the ancient and the modern peasant flow is different from China’s reform and opening up the flow of peasants to survive despite the strike,they nevertheless tend to be more aimed at the maximization of benefits,such flows are structural flow(the primary industry to the second,Three mobile industry) and regional flows(in poor areas to rich areas of the flow) combination.Are the same,whether ancient,modern or transition the flow of Chinese farmers,have all given social order must bring the impact and trigger social instability,disharmony,ancient ruler of the peasant movement of all the social problems that take active countermeasures to mitigate their adverse effects brought about by society.It is from this paper,the ages because of the flow of Chinese peasant society caused by the situation of instability considerations,on the transition of Chinese farmers working in cities caused by the society to reflect on questions of crime.In this paper,to the basic principles of Marxism and methodology as the guide,the empirical research studies and norms combine Chinese peasant in transition from the "flow"to "wage",and "crime"to make the process of empirical investigation and analysis,the final question of migrant workers to targeted crime prevention and curative measures.First of all,this paper,the historical facts and empirical data to describe and analyze Chinese history,especially the 20th century in China since reform and opening up the flow of peasant status.Secondly,through the historical facts on empirical data,as well as the survey shows that China’s reform and opening-up with the peasant movement of national policy changes to show a different situation,especially the urban-rural household registration system exist,the peasant movement of huge impact.The author gives a further study of these migrant workers to provide a very rich crime empirical data,in full possession of information and grasping the basic peasant on the dynamics of the flow,and the author of the causes of crime peasant culture study explained,pointing out that Chinese migrant workers in transition Crime not just on the poor caused by economic and,more importantly,heterogeneity of cultural conflict,namely,criminal sub-culture and mainstream culture conflict.Third,by migrant workers in Zhengzhou activity social behavior,thought the value of inspection as well as the level of crime psychological analysis of migrant workers,summed up the transition situation of Chinese migrant workers thought the overall characteristics of the end of the countermeasures to prevent and deal with ideas as well as building a peasant Ideological and Political Education Works strategy system.This article discusses a few prominent characteristics:First,the time continuity of strong,both in ancient China,the situation of population movement in modern times,and the founding of the early 20th century to the 80’s reform and opening up of China’s peasant policy changes with the flow,but also reform and opening-up have flourished after the peasant movement of the circumstances. Second,wide coverage.In this paper,both the empirical investigation of China’s capital Beijing,and Guangzhou in southern China,but also in the central city of Zhengzhou.The reason why these three areas identified as the author studies the location,are based on China’s reform and opening-up of the peasant movement of the trend of the characteristics that are the central and western peasant movement of the flow in the eastern and central parts of Beijing,the capital flows to many.In this paper,three are involved in investigations and studies carried out at different levels,both national government departments and research agencies to design and implement investigatio,domestic scholars and the various investigations,as well as the author himself carried out by empirical investigation.Information are four wide-coverage can be used strong.This is one of the existing classical theory Writer about the flow of kinetic theory of peasant studies,and foreign scholars influential than about the movement of peasant kinetics theory and research models,as well as the author himself on the peasant movement of research and survey data.According to research ideas,with the exception of Introduction,the papers were arranged in six chapters.First of all,the paper reviewed the history of the Chinese peasant movement of the background flow conditions and to discuss the reform and opening up the flow of Chinese farmers by restrictions to open up the policy-making process,pointing out that such a loosening of barriers not only in urban and rural areas to promote the mobility of farmers and at the same time for farmers in the flow may be triggered by questions--society created the conditions of crime.Secondly,in the classical theory of writers and scholars at home and abroad on the peasant movement of motivation on the basis of the analysis put forward their own opinions,think Chinese peasant mobility in transition are restructuring society,social reform,the role of personal factors,such as an integrated results-driven.Third,the thesis analyzed the flow of migrant peasant crime after the historical legacy of institutional factors,but also are under different circumstances and cultural conflict,the conflict in this culture are migrant peasant consciousness and displaced persons after the dominant culture conflict.Fourth,the thesis put forward on the control of migrant workers is to reduce crime Farmer flows,reform the urban-rural dual system,migrant workers to build social support system, meanwhile,it is also necessary to build a certain amount of prevention and control system,and the strengthening of peasant workers in the ideological and political education job,build a complete ideological and political education of migrant workers strategy system.This article seeks to innovate the following aspects:First of all,this paper proposed the adoption of macro-and micro-,regional and personal activities between the study and strive to find a crime of migrant workers "action-case" research methods.Secondly,this study intends to break through the traditional criminal "economic determinism" analysis mode,set up a clash of cultures led migrant workers to explain the reasons for crime patterns.Third,this study is intended to sociology,criminology,cultural study such disciplines as the ideological and political education with a combination of research approaches to interdisciplinary methods of panoramic perspective of migrant workers from the peasant to the crime and track the evolution of mechanisms,and proposed a corresponding preventive measures and countermeasures, trying to develop a multidisciplinary integration of new areas of research--Cultural Study of Law or cultural crime.更多还原