【作者】 何德廷；

【导师】 严昌洪；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本文主要从政治、军事、经济、文化教育以及对汉奸的惩治等方面梳理与分析抗日根据地对汉奸的斗争与打击。抗日根据地在中共肃奸政策和策略的指导下,对汉奸展开了全方位的斗争,是中华民族抗战肃奸的重要战场,为民族解放战争的胜利作出了巨大了历史贡献。抗战时期,中共率先高举抗战肃奸的大旗,对肃奸进行了系统而深入的思考,提出了诸如汉奸是中国革命主要敌人的一部分、肃奸是抗战胜利的基本政治条件等许多切实可行的指导民族抗战肃奸的理论思想,为抗日根据地及整个中华民族的抗战肃奸奠定了坚实的政治理论基础。抗战时期,中华民族肃奸的任务极其艰巨,中共及其领导下的抗日根据地坚决反对妥协投降做汉奸,将肃清汉奸卖国贼作为抗战救国的一大纲领,建议国民政府开展肃奸工作,站在了抗战肃奸的最前沿。抗战时期伪化的军队主要是杂牌军。杂牌军经历了初期的英勇抗战到后来大面积伪化的转变,其原因与国民政府对杂牌军的政策、待遇有关。抗日根据地对伪军采取政治攻势与武力打击相结合的政策,分化瓦解了伪军,抗击了伪军主力。伪军的结局有令人遗憾之处,即相当一部分伪军被国民党收编,后来投入到反共内战中。抗日根据地严禁粮食等必需物资出口,严禁买卖仇货,以打击经济资敌:采用政治宣传、行政手段和经济措施相结合的方法打击伪币。抗日根据地的财政政策以没收日本帝国主义和汉奸财产为原则,普遍制定了没收汉奸财产的法律。通过没收汉奸财产,实施了对汉奸的经济制裁,同时激发了民众抗战肃奸的热情和积极性。抗日根据地对日伪的奴化教育进行了针锋相对的抵制。根据地学校教育的基本任务之一是提高民族意识,增强民族自尊心和自信心。根据地采取游击教学、分组教学、化装教学、洞口教学等多种形式,对学生进行爱国主义、民族意识和民族气节的抗战肃奸教育。根据地通过冬学、召开群众大会、举行军民誓约运动、介绍肃奸的动态、方法等多种形式,对民众进行肃奸防奸教育,使民众的民族意识、抗战肃奸的积极性与自觉性、与敌伪斗争的水平等得到极大提高。抗日根据地上演了许多肃奸的剧目,短小通俗的街头诗歌启发人们抗敌肃奸激情,指向汉奸的木刻令汉奸寒栗。文学艺术成为肃奸犀利的精神武器。抗日根据地从最大限度的分化瓦解敌人、从战时实际情况、从抗日民族统一战线出发,对汉奸的惩治以镇压死心塌地、罪大恶极、众人皆恶的少数汉奸分子为原则,采取打击主力,争取胁从的策略,体现了原则的坚定性和策略的灵活性。抗日根据地建立了军政民相结合的惩治汉奸体制,编织了由军队系统、政府系统和民众团体系统组成的立体惩治汉奸的天网。敌后武工队是抗日根据地军、地结合的惩治汉奸的尖刀,抗日根据地民众创造了丰富多样的惩治汉奸的技巧。抗日根据地利用法律武器惩治汉奸,将汉奸罪列为特种刑事犯之范畴,对汉奸予以严惩,同时给汉奸以自首自新之路。在惩治汉奸工作中,抗日根据地以事实为根据,严格规范逮捕权,严格限定对汉奸的处决权,依靠广大民众,不将惩治汉奸神秘化,做到了惩治汉奸与保障人权的统一。抗日根据地的肃奸工作具有十分明显的特色,坚实的理论基础、全方位的立体斗争、灵活的策略技巧、严密的惩治汉奸网络、惩治汉奸与保障人权的统一是其基本特色。由这些特色我们可以说,抗日根据地是中华民族抗战肃奸的重要战场,为民族解放战争的胜利作出了巨大历史贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the paper,we comb and analysis the struggle and attack to traitors in anti-Japanese base area from politics,military,economy,culture education as well as the punishment to traitors.Under the instruction of Chinese Communist Party’s anti-Japanese policy and strategy in the anti-Japanese base area,people launched omni-directional struggle to the traitors,it is the main battlefield of Chinese war against Japan,which made great historical contribution for the victory of national liberation war.During the period of Anti-Japanese War,the Chinese Communist Party who first highly lift up the flag to purify national traitors,carefully thought about purifying national traitors,proposed many practical and feasible theoratical thought,such that traitors are one main part of enemies in Chinese revolution,and the punishment to traitors was the basic political conditions to keep the victory of anti-Japanese,which laid a solid foundation of political theory for anti-Japanese base areas and the entire Chinese nation.During anti-Japanese War,the Chinese had an extremely difficult mission of punishment to traitors,the Chinese communists and her anti-Japanese base areas resolutely opposed to compromise and surrender as traitors,regarded it as a major program to eliminate traitors for the war of resistance and national salvation,and recommended that the National Government shuould carry out the work to punishing traitors.She stood forefront to punish traitors during the anti-Japanese War.During the period of Anti-Japanese War,the pseudo-military forces were mainly non-brand-name forces.Non-brand military experienced early heroic resistance,to the subsequent large-scale pseudo-oriented,which resulted in the policy and treatment of National Government to them.The anti-Japanese base areas took the combination of policies political offensive and the collapse against the puppet army,and fought against the main force the puppet army.However,there was a regrettable outcome to puppet army,that is,a considerable portion of them was incorporated by KNIT and later sent into the anti-communist civil war.Anti-Japanese base areas strictly prohibited exports of grain and other essential materials,strictly prohibited trading goods of enemies,to combat the enemy of economic capital.They combat counterfeit coins with combining measures of political propaganda,administrative means and economic methods.The principles Of fiscal policy of anti-Japanese base area was forfeiture of property of the Japanese imperialists and traitors,and universally formulate property confiscation laws to traitors.Through the confiscation of property of traitors,they implemented economic sanctions to traitors,while it aroused the enthusiasm of punishing traitors of the public. Anti-Japanese bases determinedly boycott enslaving education carried out by the Japanese Puppet Regime.One of the fundamental educational tasks carried out by their schools was to raise the national consciousness,enhance national self-esteem and confidence.They took a varieties of forms,such as guerrilla teaching,group teaching,make-up teaching,and other open means to carry on education to students patriotism,national consciousness and national integrity.By means of winter study,mass rally,holding pledge military exercise,and introduction of dynamic and methods and other forms,they implemened the education of punishing and preventing traitors,which greatly enhancod.the people’s national consciousness,the level of struggle against Japanese and traitors.They put on many repertories of punishing traitors,short poems to inspire people’s enthusiasm and consciousness against enemies,which frightened traitors.Literature and art became sharp spirit weapons to punishing traitors.Anti-Japanese base areas differentiated and collapsed the enemy to a maximum extent,punished traitors who were dead set,heinous and evil from the actual situation in wartime and from the anti-Japanese national united front,based on the principles of taking the fight against the main force and people by the threat,which reflected the firmness of the principle and strategy of flexibility. Anti-Japanese base areas set up a system of combination of military and political people to punish traitors,woven a three-dimensional system which composed of the military system,government system an public groups.Guerrilla Army behind the enemy was like a dagger which was the combination of military and local government to punish traitors.The people of anti-Japanese base areas creatod a variety of skills to punish traitors.Anti-Japanese base areas made use of legal weapons to punish traitors,listed traitors as areas of special crimes,and at the same time to give chances to them who surrendered the road to rehabilitation.During the process of punishing traitors,based on facts,anti-Japanese base areas strictly regulated the power of arrest and strictly limited the right to execute the traitor.They relied on the general public,didn’t make it mysterious to punish the traitor, and did the unity of punishing traitors and the protection of human rights..Anti-Japanese base areas had a very clear characteristics of punishing traitors,which had solid theoretical foundation,the fight of a full range of three-dimensional,flexible strategy skills,strict network of punishment of traitors,and the unity of punishing traitors and protecting human rights. So we can draw a conclusion that anti-Japanese bases were the main battlefields to resist Japanese,and made great contribution for winning the Chinese national liberation nation from these characteristics.更多还原