【作者】 潘泰；

【导师】 吴振国；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 移动义动词是指具有[+动态][+行为][+变化]语义特征的一类动词,狭义的移动义动词主要是指涉及空间位置改换的动词,它们在语义上和起点格、终点格等语义角色密切相关,在语法上经常出现在“从+起点+动词”、“动词+到+终点”、“从+起点+动词+到+终点”以及“从+起点+到+终点+动词”等格式当中。移动义动词在语义和句法上具有显著的特点,对它们的研究能够极大的丰富现代汉语格语法研究和配价语法研究,能够为格语法和配价语法当中一些重大理论问题的解决提供有力的借鉴。我们认为,格语法主要关注的是名词性语义角色与特定类型的动词之间的深层语义关系,配价语法主要关注的应该是这些语义关系是否能在表层句法形式上得以突显,以及以什么样的方式突显。语义和句法既有一致的地方,也有许多不一致的地方,二者处在深刻的对立统一关系当中。孤立的研究语义,或者孤立的研究句法,都不能形成令人完全满意的结果。必须在对动词进行细致分类的基础上,具体描述语义和语法之间的对立统一关系,并在具体描述的基础上,解释各种语言现象产生的基础和原因。为了说明语义和句法之间的关系,我们选择了现代汉语中的移动义动词作为研究对象,根据动词的语义和句法特征,以动词义项为考察单位,穷尽式的考察了《汉语动词用法词典》当中所有的动词及动词的义项,最终确定了666个移动义的动词词项。接着,我们按照移动义涉及的主客体不同和处所格的不同,将这666个词项划分为12个小类,逐类讨论了这些移动义动词在语义和句法上的特点,归纳出了不同类型的动词的语义结构特征和可能的句法表现形式。再接下来,我们还深入的研究了移动义动词的句法表现形式,试图确定一些标准,来说明这些句法表现形式当中哪些是与狭义移动义动词相关的语义角色的优势分布情况,哪些是非优势分布情况。句法的优势分布是指受限制较少,类推和变换较为自由的语义角色分布情况;非优势分布是指受限制较多,类推和变换都不太自由的语义角色分布情况。在我们的研究中,我们分别指出了各种与不同类型的移动义动词相关的语义角色非优势分布的限制条件,并希望能以这些纷繁复杂的限制条件作为沟通语义研究和句法研究的桥梁,为建立语义一句法的研究模式奠定一定的基础。另外,本文还谈及了一些和本文密切相关的其他一些问题,比如双宾语的问题,“X的”的转指问题等等。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are a lot of verbs in modern Chinese what we call them as MOVING-sememed verbs. These verbs have special semantic characteristics,such as[+dynamics][+behavior] [+change]and always contain the meaning about change(s) of space location in a narrow sense.They are in a close relationship with some semantic roles such as Source and Goal and often appear in some particular syntactic structures such as "cong+ Source+verb", "verb+ dao+ Goal","cong+ Source+ verb+ dao+ Goal" and "cong+ Source+ dao+ Goal+ verb" etc..These MOVING-sememed verbs have distinct semantic and syntactic specialties which can promote the Case grammar and the Valency grammar research in modern Chinese greatly.An approach to these MOVING-sememed verbs may be helpful to the finally solving of some important basic theoretic problems in the areas of the Case grammar and the Valency grammar research.As we think,the focus of the Case grammar is the deep semantic relations between the verbs and their semantic roles while the Valency grammar is trying to answer that if all of these relations will be reflected on the syntactic surface and how they are reflected.There are a lot of profound consistency and inconsistency between semantic and syntax in natural languages.We can not reach a satisfactory outcome if we studied semantic or syntax independently.Basing on a careful classification of particular kind of verbs,what we should do is to describe their relations and then to find out the probable foundation and reason of the complex language phenomena.For the sake of showing the relations between semantic and syntax,we chose the MOVING-sememed verbs in modern Chinese as our subject.We investigated every sememe of every verb in the Chinese verbs usage dictionary and then confirmed 666 MOVING-sememed verbs.After these,we classified these 666 verbs into 12 species according to their different Agent,Object and Location.We discussed the semantic and syntactic characteristics of these verbs and induced their semantic structure and their possible syntactic forms.Afterwards,we also studied those different syntactic forms of those MOVING-sememed verbs and tried to establish some standards to explain that which forms are the superior distributions of the semantic roles of a certain kind verb and which forms are the inferior distributions.What we called superior distributions are the forms which have fewer limitations and are easier to analogize and transform while the inferior distributions have more limitations and are more difficult to analogize or transform.We then tried to point out all of the limitations of the inferior distributions.We believed that such kind of research might bridge the semantic and syntactic study,therefore might be helpful to establish a model of semantic-syntactic research.This paper also refers some problems which have a close relation about our discussion,such as the double-objects clauses and the transferred-designation of "X+de".更多还原