【作者】 梁桂莲；

【导师】 周晓明；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 晚清以来,由于现代民族国家的追求,文学不可避免地走上了一条激进的现代性之路。在这一追求中,文学与革命、政治的关系被优先强调。但中国现代文学的“现代”二字,并不仅仅体现在对民族国家追求的文学启蒙上,同时也体现在对艺术自身追求的文学审美上。对于现代文学来说,文学启蒙以革命、启蒙为目标,致力于民族国家解放的宏大叙事;文学审美致力于艺术创造和文化关怀,二者同样重要。进一步说,现代文学既要重视文学与时代、社会、政治的关系,同时也要关注文学自身的发展建设问题。因此,现代文学审美的研究不容忽视,它既体现了文学发展的内在要求,同时也为现代文学启蒙的急功近利和浮躁凌厉提供了某种反思和借鉴的经验。沈从文作为“京派”一员,坚持文学的审美追求,其思想主张和艺术观念,既体现了文学之为文学的本原性特征,为我们提供了文学立足于时代话语坚持自我表达的可能性经验;同时又以自我主体意识的张扬表现了文学可以不载道的审美表达。基于这样的考虑,本文将论述的落脚点放在沈从文文论上,力图将沈从文对文学观念的表达和思考纳入到现代文学文化的整体框架中,以此考察沈从文文学思想与时代、社会、政治等的复杂张力关系。按照沈从文文学审美思想的建构与关联,本文分四个部分进行论述:首先,本文从“离散”的角度入手,分析了沈从文从湘西到北京,从“乡下人”成长为一个有着对文学自觉追求的作家的心理历程,以及“离散”对他文学审美观的形成和影响。在这一过程中,沈从文杂采中西文化之所长,游走于传统与现代之间,徘徊于时代、政治之外,既反感现代都市文明,又对人生“爱”“美”倾心,由此形成他的自我主体认知和个人化表达,以及以艺术沟通现实与理想的文学审美定位。其次,本文考察了沈从文以个人表达为主体的文学审美建构。本着文学表达自我的要求,沈从文不仅对文学的历史观、真实观,及感性、无意识心理等有着自己的独特理解,而且还主张文学成为情感的载体,要求文学独创、自由。沈从文的这种文学理解,显示了作家以个人主体存在来抗拒“依附性”的现代化生产的能动性和文学审美坚持本体自律的自由品格。再次,本文对沈从文与中国传统文学的关系进行了思考。在这方面,沈从文有效地吸收了传统文化的精髓,对传统文化实行了现代性转化,表现出集古典理想与现代文化于一体的文学审美理想。在内容上,沈从文主张生命的健康向上与人性的优美自然,在形式上,沈从文主张文学审美的形式感,要求和谐恰当,充分体现出人生的美与文学的美的和谐统一。复次,本文还对沈从文与中国现代文学的互动关系进行了考察。沈从文通过一系列评论、杂感、论争等形式,参与到与时代、作家、作品、读者的对话与交流——既对新文学发展的经验得失成败进行总结,对文学实现寻美与纠弊,以引导文学的健康正常发展;同时也对当前文学运动的发展给予说明,思考新文学的发展与建设问题,实现文学重造、经典重造、社会重造的艺术审美理想。在这个意义上,沈从文对文学的思考,反映了他对现代文学的审美期待和可能设想,充分体现出现代知识分子积极参与现代文学建设的文学责任感和使命感。沈从文对文学的表达与思考,贯穿于社会、时代、人生、民族等诸多层面,充分显示出作家以自我主体能动精神沟通文学本体层面的审美自觉,和以文化改变现实人生的审美救赎。这种思考,虽然在风雨飘摇的现代中国,有些不切实际;但它却以其存在,丰富了现代文学的发展,在现代文学的功利追求之外提供了文学作为主体存在的话语建构的可能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since late Qing dynasty,because of the pursuit of modern national country,literature has been on the way to a radical modernity unavoidably.While pursueing in this,the relation between literature and revolution,politics is our priority to emphasize.But "Modern"of Chinese modern literature,not only has already reflected on literature enlightenment in the pursuit of national country,also should reflect on aesthetic literature in the pursuit of art itself.As for modern literature,literature enlightenment regards revolution and initiation as the goal,devotes to the mighty narration of national country liberation;Aesthetic literature is devoted to artistic creation and culture loving,the two are equally important.Furtherly,modern literature not only should pay attention to the relation between literature and era,society,politics,also pay close attention to the development and construction of literature itself at the same time.So,the research on modern aesthetic literature can’t be ignored, which has already reflected the inherent request for literature development,also offers a certain introspection and experience for reference with regard to the eagerness of quick success and fickleness impetuously and swiftly of modern literature enlightenment too at the same time.As a member of "Beijing group",Shen Congwen adhers to the aesthetic pursuit of literature,his thoughts and artistic ideas have already reflected an original characteristic of literature for literature, and provided the possible experience based on insisting on era remarks’s self-expression;have displayed aesthetic expression that literature can download opinion with the subject consciousness at the same time.Based on such consideration,this text will put down temporary roots in Shen Congwen’s articles and opinions,try hard to bring the expression and thinking of Shen Congwen’s literature ideas into the whole framework of modern literature culture,so as to investigate the complicated tension relation between Shen Congwen’s literature thoughts and era,society,politics, etc..According to the construction and relation of aesthetic thoughts of Shen Congwen’s literature, this text will be divided four parts to describe:First of all,this text proceeds with "dispersed angle",has analysed the psychological course from west Hunan to Beijing where Shen Congwen grows into a writer who pursues for literature consciously from "boor",and the "dispersed" forming and influence on the aesthetic conceptions of his literature.In this course,Shen Congwen adopts chief advantages of Chinese and Western culture to mix,goes on between being traditional and modern to visit,wanders up and down to the era and politics,and not only rebels modern city civilization,also falls into "love" and "beauty" of life, thereout forming his subject cognition and individual expressions,and the aesthetic localization of literature that art communicates with reality and ideas.Secondly,this text has investigated the aesthetic construction of literature that Shen Congwen’s literature takes personal expressions as subject.Based on the request of self-expression with literature, Shen Congwen not merely has his own unique understanding on conception of history,true view,and the perceptual,unconscious psychology,etc.of literature,and also maintains that literature becomes the carrier of emotion,requires literature for original creation and freedom.This kind of literature understanding of Shen Congwen,has shown the dynamic role of modern production that the writer resists "depending on" by existing in personal subject and the freedom character that aesthetic literature persists with the noumenonn by itself.Moreover,this text has thought to the relation between Shen Congwen and China’s traditional literature.In this respect,Shen Congwen has absorbed the marrow of traditional culture effectively, has implemented the modernity transformation to traditional culture,demonstrates the aesthetic ideal of literature of incorporating classical ideal and modern culture into an organic whole.In content, Shen Congwen advocates the healthy and progressive life and the grace of human nature naturally, in form,Shen Congwen advocates the form sense with aesthetic literature,requires harmoniously and appropriatly,fully embodys the harmony unification with the beauty of literature and life.Finally,this text also investigates the interdynamic relation between Shen Congwen and Chinese modern literature.Shen Congwen participates in the dialogue and comunications with era,writer, works,reader through the forms such as a series of comments,random thoughts,controversy,etc.—It has already summarized experience gain and success or failure of new-vernacular literature development,has realized seeking to literature beauty and correcting the fraud,in order to lead literature to develop normally;Proves to the development of present literature movements too, ponders over the development and construction of new-vernacular literature at the same time,realizes aesthetic ideal of art of literature rebuilding,classics rebuilding,and the society rebuilding.At the meaning,Shen Congwen’s thinking of literature,reflects his aesthetic expection and possible imagination on modern literature,fully reflects the sense of responsibility and mission that current intellects participate in modern literature construction actively.Shen Congwen’s expressions and thinking on literature,run through on a great deal of aspects such as society,era,life,nationality,etc.,demonstrate aesthetic consciousness that writers can fully link up literature noumenonn aspect with subject conscientious spirit,and rescueing compensation aesthetically of changing realistic life with culture.Though this kind of thinking,in precarious modern China,is a bit impractical;But it exists essentially,has enriched the development of modern literature,and offers the possibility of remarks construction literature beyond the pursuit utility of modern literature.更多还原