【作者】 黄娟；

【导师】 严昌洪；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 湖南省位于我国中部,居长江中游,是典型的内陆省份。境内以洞庭湖为中心的湘、资、沅、澧四水及其支流,向东南西三面呈辐射状分布联通省内腹地,北与长江相接,形成一个外联长江内通74个市镇的水运网络,水上交通堪称便利。至近代,湖南航运业的发展兴衰引起了沿岸城乡及辐射区域的经济变迁。作为居于内陆的中部省份,这种变迁更能发映出中国整体经济近代化发展的趋势和程度。本课题主要着眼于湖南近代航运业兴衰变迁下,区域经济的发展变化,探讨二者之间的关系。既关注湖南近代航运业的发展历程,也关注这种变化对区域经济产生的影响,并进而探讨内河航运在立体运输网络中应有的地位和作用。得天独厚的水运网络为近代湖南航运业兴起提供了航道优势,近代社会各种经济和政治格局的变迁则为之提供了深层的经济动力。近代航运业作为新生产力和新生产关系的代表开始走上历史舞台。然近代中国国情的特殊决定了湖南近代航运业的发展是不寻常的。从最初的受制于外国航运势力,到后来国民政府时期的发展高潮,从抗战期间急遽衰落,到内战时期的短暂复兴,湖南近代航运业的发展过程与当时的政治、经济背景有着密不可分的联系。尽管各个阶段都因历史环境的不同呈现出各自的差异,但从整体上来看仍然体现了历史发展的延续性。除了整体社会环境的影响之外,湖南航运管理机构、民间行业组织从制度层面对湖南近代航运业发展发挥了重要作用。但作为不同利益集团的代表,政府与民间航运组织之间必然存在利益分歧,并通过二者之间从未间断协调与沟通、冲突与矛盾的互动关系反映出来。政府管理机构和民间航运组织之间的对话与权衡,既是时代造成的,同时又对历史发展趋势产生了重要影响。湖南近代航运业既是区域经济发展的一种结果,并深受经济变迁的影响;同时其发展兴衰的过程也对区域经济的发展产生了重要的反作用。运输能力的提高在扩大市场前提的基础之上,推动了区域产业的进步、贸易的繁荣,改变了人们经济生活的习惯;与此同时航运业的发展亦对城市的兴衰产生重要影响。而与鄂省近代航运业发展对比我们发现,湖南近代航运业的发展深受区域经济特点的影响,又对区域经济的性质起到一定的巩固和促进作用,湘鄂两省的近代航运业因此呈现出不同的特点,两省的经济也在近代航运的推动之下,走上了不同的发展道路。航运承担了内陆省份重要的运输职能,亦是生产重要的环节,在区域经济发展中有着举足轻重的位置。航运的发展既得益于区域经济的进步,深受区域经济性质的影响;反过来航运的进步也是对区域经济特点的一种承继和巩固,在促进区域经济发展上发挥了积极的作用。在综合运输体系中,各种运输方式具有一定的适用范围,在国民经济建设中各自发挥着重要作用,不可相互取代。从运输经济特点看,航运业在运输成本、运输能力、运输能耗和固定资产效率等方面具有明显优势。将之纳入高效便捷低成本的立体运输网络中,让航运业充分发挥其特点和优势对其他运输方式进行有效的补充,不仅能提高整个运输体系的效率,也将为促进社会生产进一步发展提供便利。更多还原

【Abstract】 Located at the central part of China,Hunan is a typical inland province at the middle branches of the Yangtze River.As most of the mountains within this province stretch from the southeast to the northwest,the four major rivers—Xiang,Zi,Yuan and Li—crisscross the southern part of the region with their branches and meet with Yangtze River in the north.In this way,the water transport network in Hunan,with Dongtinghu Lake as its hub,is linked externally to the Yangtze River and internally to 74 cities and towns.Such a facilitating water transport has long won the province the reputation as "a land of water".Up to the modern times,the ups and downs in the development of shipping industry in Hunan have brought about many economic changes to the waterside cities and their surrounding areas. Such changes in an inland central province also mirror the trend and degree of China’s economic development as a whole in the modern times.This thesis looks at the economic development of this region under the changes in its shipping industry and disuse the relations between the two.We intend to explore the due role of inland navigation in the comprehensive transport network.The favorable water transport network provided advantageous waterways for the rise of modern shipping industry in Hunan,while various economic and political changes in the modern society offered a strong economic driving force.Therefore,modern shipping industry emerged as the representative of new productivity and new production relations.However,the special national conditions of China in modern times have determined that the development of modern shipping industry in Hunan is destined to be an unusual process.It was constrained by foreign shipping forces at the very beginning,then boomed during the period of National Government,declined sharply during the Anti-Japanese Aggression War,and finally witnessed a temporary recovery during the Civil War period.Although the shipping industry at different stages of its development is different from each other due to changes in the historic environment,there is still a sense of continuity.For instance,apart from the external social environment,the official shipping industry management institutions and other non-governmental industrial organizations also have exerted great institutional impact on the development of modern shipping industry in Hunan.As representatives of different interest groups,it is inevitable for governmental and non-governmental shipping industry organizations to have disputes over interests.Such disputes can be reflected by their interaction of continues negotiation and confrontation.Dialogue and tradeoff between governmental management institutions and non-governmental shipping industry organizations are products of the times,but they in turn impose a substantial influence over the trend of the history. Modern shipping industry in Hunan is the result of regional economic development.It is also deeply influenced by economic changes.However,the development of the industry has also imposed great impact on the development of regional economy.The enhanced transport capability has not only expanded the market,but also promoted the industrial and trading growth in the region and transformed people’s ways of living and doing business.Moreover,the development of shipping industry is also very important for the prosperity of a city.We made a comparison between the development of shipping industry in Hubei province and that in Hunan.The outcome was that the latter has not only been influenced by the economic development of the region but also helped consolidate and promote the growth of regional economy.The two provinces have different features in terms of their modern shipping industry.Driven by different forms of shipping industry,the economies of the two provinces are also on different tracks of development.Shipping industry plays an important role in the transport of inland provinces;it is also a vital part of production.So,shipping industry is very crucial for regional economic development.Regional economic progress benefits and affects the development of shipping industry,which,in turn,helps to consolidate and advance the regional economic growth.In the comprehensive transport network,all forms of transport play their due and irreplaceable roles in national economic development.Shipping industry stands many distinct advantages in terms of cost,capacity,energy efficiency and fixed-assets efficiency.Therefore,it is conducive to include the shipping industry into the efficient,convenient and economical stereo transport network,and fully leverage its advantages to supplement other forms of transport.This will help enhance the efficiency of the total transport system,and also facilitate the progress of social production.更多还原