【作者】 石焱；

【导师】 夏自谦；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 我国的森林保险,从试点开始,经历一个缓慢发展的阶段以后,再到目前新一轮的试点,已有二十多年的时间。在此期间,众多的研究人员及政策执行人员对森林保险存在的问题进行了深入的分析和研究。自从以“明晰林地使用权和林木所有权、放活经营权、落实处置权、确保收益权”为主要内容的新一轮集体林权制度改革以来,林业发展的活力迅速进发,各地日益重视通过发展森林保险降低林业风险,并尝试将林权抵押贷款与森林保险政策结合起来,以最大限度地减少信贷风险,为我国森林保险事业的发展提供了前所未有的宝贵机遇。论文从分析森林保险发展的历程和现状入手,在研究森林保险相关理论的基础上,运用规范分析与实证分析相结合、比较分析及归纳分析相结合的方法,分析了制约森林保险发展的主要因素,认真总结了发展森林保险过程中遇到的突出问题,包括保险体制问题、保险公司、林农、政府三方利益博奕和有关法律问题,并从经济学角度分析了森林保险供给不足的原因,对森林保险涉及的主体行为进行了分析,明确了在森林保险经营过程中,需要政府实施补贴政策,才能提高林农投保和保险公司经营的积极性。通过我国南方集体林区开展森林保险工作的实践研究,了解林户的投保意愿、保险公司的承保意愿以及政府对森林保险发展扶持力度的具体情况,总结我国开展森林保险尚需解决的问题,林改后开展森林保险工作后林农、保险公司和政府三方的变化。通过借鉴国外森林保险和我国农业保险的政策经验,提出了现阶段符合我国国情的森林保险模式应该是政府主导下的市场化运作的政策性森林保险,实行“政府引导+共保经营”方式,兼顾“政府引导+互保合作”的运作机制,在供需不足的情况下,政府加大对森林保险的扶持力度是十分必要的,由中央和省级财政应共同对林农投保按品种、按比例给予保费补贴,减轻县级财政的负担。在保险原则上,我国现阶段政策性森林保险以“保造林育林的重置成本”和“保自然灾害损失”为原则开展。通过对森林保险的理论、方法进行深入系统的研究,进一步明确森林保险事业发展的目标,给出深化集体林权制度改革推动森林保险发展所需建立的配套机制,提出了向林农提供保费补贴,向保险公司给予税收优惠、建立再保险机制、森林保险风险补偿机制、加强森林保险公司运营监管等政府支持的建议。同时也建议进一步探索创新森林保险的险种,拓宽多元化销售渠道,明确保险公司、林农、林业部门的职责,培养专业人才,在规范森林保险发展方面也给出了财务、组织和业务上的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 It has been over twenty years since the forest insurance in China started its experiment from the very beginning to a new round trial after a slow developing stage.During this period,many researchers and policy executives conducted a deep study and analysis on the problems existing in forest insurance.Since a new round collective forest right system reform which focuses on clarifying forestland-use right and ownership of trees,adopting a flexible policy toward management right, implementing the right of disposal and ensuring the right to derive benefit,forestry development has been full of vitality and the way to reduce forestry risks through developing forest insurance has been revived around the country.Besides,people tried to combine the mortgage loan of forest ownership with forest insurance to minimize the credit risks,providing unprecedented opportunity for forest insurance in China.Started with the analysis on the developing course of forest insurance and present situation,the thesis,based on related theories,analyzes the major factors that restrict the development of forest insurance by means of combination of standard analysis and case analysis as well as comparative analysis and reductive analysis,and summarizes the prominent problems including the problems of insurance system,the game of interest and legal issues between insurance company,forest farmers, and government.In addition,it also makes the analysis on the cause of insufficient supply of forest insurance from the angle of economics and on the behaviors of main body involved in forest insurance,and finally gets conclusion that the enthusiasm of forest famers and insurance company won’t be stimulated until the government carries out subsidy policy.According to the practical study on forest insurance in southern collective forest regions,we can learn about the wish of insured forest farmers as well as the wish of insurance company and also about the details of the government support for forest insurance and thus summarize the problems that need solving urgently and the changes of forest farmers,insurance company and government since the launch of forest insurance after forestry reform.By drawing the experience of other countries and agricultural insurance in China,the forest insurance model which conforms to the present national condition is proposed.It should be a marketing policy insurance with government-orientation,which adopts the way of government guiding and managing together with insurance company with due consideration to the mechanism of government guiding plus forest farmers’ insuring cooperation. Under the condition of inadequate supply,it is essential that government should strengthen the support for forest insurance:the financial departments of central authority and provincial government should join together to offer subsidies to forest farmers according to the types and proportions of the insured to ease the burden of finance at the county level.In terms of insurance principle,the present policy forest insurance in China is being carried out based on the principle of "insuring the replacement cost of forest planting and cultivation and natural disaster loss".Through the deep and systematic research on theories and methods of forest insurance,we further define the objects of forest insurance,work out the coordinated system needed to deepen the collective forest right system reform and promote the forest insurance,and give the government-supported proposals,including offering insurance subsidy to forest farmers and preferential tax policy to insurance company, establishing re-insure system and risk compensation system,and enhancing supervision on forest insurance company’s operation.Meanwhile,more suggestions like further exploring the type of insurance,diversifying distribution channels,clarifying the duty of insurance company,forest farmers and forestry department and training more professionals are put forward too.Apart from the above, suggestions about finance,organization and business are also given in terms of forest insurance standardization.更多还原